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| Question | Answer |
| Define histology. | Histology is the study of the tissues (cells, organs, organ system) of plants and animals. |
| Histology is also known as: | microscopic anatomy |
| Define cell. | Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of the body. OR Cell is the basic unit of construction of organisms. |
| Cell structure defines: | function |
| The body is composed of: | 1) cells 2) connections between the cells 3) connections between the cells and extracellular matrix |
| Similar or related cells form ___. They serve a ___ ___ or function in a particular manner. | a) tissues b) common purpose |
| The four basic tissues are: | 1) supporting/connective tissue (including blood, although sometimes blood is considered a separate tissue) 2) epithelia 3) muscle 4) nervous |
| Tissues can contain a mixture of functionally specialized cells (___) and less specialized supporting tissue (___). | a) parenchyma b) stroma |
| Tissues form: | organs (e.g. liver, heart, eye) |
| Groups of organs that serve a common function are known as: | organ systems (e.g. digestion, reproduction, respiration) |
| Structure is ____ correlated with ___. | a) highly b) function |
| Functions are based on the ___ properties of cells. These include: | a) physiological 1) irritability 2) conductivity 3) contractility 4) absorption 5) assimilation 6) secretion 7) excretion 8) respiration 9) growth 10) reproduction |
| Cell functions are basically: | the synthesis and breakdown of molecules |
| What are the basic molecules found in cells? | 1) proteins 2) carbohydrates 3) lipids 4) nucleic acids |
| The basic molecules form the ___ that we see as well as contribute to the ___ of the cell. | a) structure b) functioning |
| The basic components of the cell are the ___, divided into ___ and ___, subcellular elements known as ___, and ___. | a) protoplasm b) cytoplasm c) nucleoplasm d) organelles e) cytoplasm |
| Each eukaryotic cell is surrounded by a ___ )also known as the cell membrame, plasmalemma, or plasma membrane). | membrane |
| The cell membrane is bilayered and semipermeable, composed of: | 1) amphipathic phospholipids 2) cholesterol (which is also amphipathic) 3) proteins |
| The phospholipids are amphipathic because they have: | polar or hydrophilic heads and non-polar or hydrophobic tails |
| Cholesterol in the cell membrane is ___ and provides ___. | a) amphipathic b) stability |
| The cell membrane being semipermeable means that: | It permits some molecules to pass through but excludes some molecules require specific transport processes to get them, into or out of the cell. |
| The phospholipid bilayer is ___. Molecules within it can move around a bit; this is also known as the "___ ___ ___" of the plasma membrane. | a) flexible b) fluid mosaic model |
| What are the functions of the cell membrane? 1. maintain ___ ___ of the cell 2. controls movement of substances ___ and ___ of the cell 3. regulates cell-cell ___ or ___ 4. recognize antigens, foreign cells, and ___ cells by way of ___ 5. acts as an ___ between cytoplasm and "beyond" 6. establishes ___ systems for specific molecules 7. changes extracellular ___ and/or ___ signals into ___ events (part of communication process). | 1. structural integrity 2. into; out 3. interactions; attachments 4. altered; receptors 5. interface 6. transport 7. physical; chemical; intracellular |
| The cell membrane proteins either span the lipid bilayer ( ___ or ___ proteins) or are present on the ___ (internal leaflet) side or external (outer leaflet) side ( ___ proteins). | a) integral b) transmembrane c) cytoplasm d) peripheral |
| Some transmembrane proteins are ___ proteins, having ___ folds from the ___ of the cell to the ___ with portions of protein molecules having receptor sites for specific ___ ___. The proteins have ___ ____. | a) multipass b) multiple c) inside d) outside e) signaling proteins f) limited mobility |
| The cell membrane is ___ visible with the ___ microscope. | a) not b) light |
| What is seen is the ___ or "fuzzy coat" of ___ chains attached to ___ proteins or ___ of the outer leaflet or extracellular matrix molecules. | a) glycocalyx b) carbohydrate c) transmembrane proteins d) phospholipids |
| The glycocalyx protects the cell from: | 1) toxins 2) chemical and physical injury 3) participates in cell-cell recognition and adhesion |
| ___ (oxygen and lipids) and ___ ___ molecules (water) move across the cell membrane by ___ ___ in response to the ___ ___. | a) Nonpolar b) uncharged polar c) passive diffusion d) concentration gradient |
| Molecules move from ___ ___ to ___ until ___ are the same. | a) high concentration b) low concentration c) concentrations |
| ___ leak creates an ___ ___ across the membrane. | b) Potassium c) electrical potential |
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