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Flashcards by Greg MacPherson, updated 4 months ago
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Created by Greg MacPherson
almost 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Unit Three - Module 22 Perception: Perceptual Organization and Interpretation | Perception: Perceptual Organization and Interpretation |
| gestalt | "Gestalt" is the German word for pattern or shape or form. When trying to make sense of the world around us, Gestalt psychology suggests that we do not simply focus on every small component. Instead, our minds tend to perceive objects as part of a greater whole and as elements of more complex systems. |
| figure-ground relationship | The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings ( the ground, meaning background). |
| law of proximity | The tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping. |
| law of similarity | The tendency to perceive things that look similar as being of the same group. |
| law of closure | The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete. |
| Law of continuity | The tendency to see things as simply as possible in continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones. |
| depth perception | The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike retina are two-dimensional which also allows us to judge distance. |
| monocular cue | One way that we perceive depth in the world around us involving using only one eye. |
| relative size | This monocular cue gives you the ability to measure how far away something is. It works by judging how big or small the object is and what that means in relation to other objects you’ve interacted with in the past. |
| interposition (occlusion) | This monocular cue occurs when two objects are in the same line of vision and the closer object, which is fully in view, partly conceals the farther object. Also called relative position. |
| linear perspective | A monocular cue when the angles of two adjacent objects and the distance between them look smaller and smaller. This causes your eye to interpret those objects as increasingly farther away from you. |
| aerial perspective | This monocular cue is what makes far away objects look a bit blurrier, lighter in colour, and less detailed than those closer to you. |
| light and shadows | The way that light hits an object creates shades of light and dark. This tells your eyes where an object sits in relation to the light and to objects nearby. This cue can also tell you if something is upside down because the light source will hit the object differently, so that it visually contrasts with other parts of your environment. |
| texture gradient | Objects that are closer to you will appear much more detailed and textured whereas objects that are further away will appear much finer and less detailed |
| binocular cue | One way that we perceive depth in the world around us involving using both eyes |
| convergence | This is the rotation of the two eyes in their sockets in order to focus on a single object. If the object is close, the convergence is pretty strong. If the object is far away, the convergence is much less. |
| retinal disparity | This simply means that because the eyes are a few centimetres apart, they don't see exactly the same thing. The brain interprets the images on the retinas to determine distance from the eyes. If the two images are very different, the objects must be pretty close. The retinal disparity is large. If the images are almost identical the retinal disparity is low and the objects are perceived to far away. |
| stroboscopic movement | The perception of a rapid series of slightly varying images as continuous movement such as in an animated film. |
| phi phenomenon | When adjacent lights blink on and off quickly, they create the perception of movement. An example would be marquee lights. |
| motion parallax (relative motion) | Motion parallax refers to the fact that objects moving at a constant speed across the frame will appear to move a greater amount if they are closer to an observer (or camera) than they would if they were at a greater distance. |
| perceptual constancy | A top-down process where objects are perceived as unchanging (having consistent colour, brightness, shape, and size) regardless of viewing angle, distance, or illumination. |
| colour constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent colour, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. |
| brightness constancy | Brightness constancy is similar to colour constancy in that it depends on context. We perceive a an object as having a constant brightness even as it illumination varies. In other words, brightness constancy depends on relative luminance. |
| relative luminance | The amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings. |
| shape constancy | The tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant even the angle of view changes the image on the retina. |
| size constancy | The tendency to perceive an object as having an unchanging size even if our distance from it varies. |
| moon illusion | Moon illusion is an optical illusion in which the moon appears larger when it is closer to the horizon than when it is higher in the sky. |
| perceptual adaptation | The ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. Consider the example of getting a new pair of glasses. |
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