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Description
Flashcards by Terry Sellers, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Terry Sellers
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the term that describes the relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease? | Virulence |
| What 2 factors determine how virulent a pathogen is? | 1. Ease with which pathogen enters the body 2. Degree and type of damage to cells |
| Bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi, and parasitic worms are examples of disease-causing organisms. The scientific term for disease-causing organisms is ____________. | Pathogens |
| Bacteria are classified as which: Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? | Prokaryotes |
| If what you are looking at under a microscope does not have a nucleus it is which: Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? | Prokaryotes |
| The scientific term for bacteria that are shaped like a sphere. | Coccus |
| The scientific term for bacteria that are shaped like a rod. | Bacillus |
| The scientific term for bacteria that are shaped like a spiral. | Spirilla |
| Not all bacteria are harmful. What are some of the benefits of bacteria? | 1. Decomposition 2. Normal flora in the intestines 3. Component of some foods such as yogurt 4. Fixing nitrogen from the air into compounds organisms can use. |
| Probiotics, which are usually called beneficial bacteria, provide all sorts of powerful benefits for your body and brain. | Yogurt Buttermilk Some cheeses Sauerkraut Pickles |
| __________ are chemicals that inhibit the growth of bacteria. | Antibiotics |
| Antibiotics ____________ processes in bacteria but not in human cells. | disrupt |
| Antibiotics prevent the ___________ of cell walls. | synthesis |
| Antibiotics _________ the synthesis or production of cell walls. | block |
| TRUE / FALSE Viruses are living organisms pathogens. | FALSE They are not living. They are just DNA or RNA genetic material. |
| TRUE / FALSE Viruses and bacteria are about the same size. | FALSE Viruses are much smaller |
| Viruses are genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a ____________. | Capsid |
| Place the steps of viral replication in order. | 1. ATTACHMENT: virus attaches to particular receptors on the host cell 2. PENETRATION: virus enters host cell and loses capsid 3. PRODUCTION of viral genetic information (DNA or RNA) and proteins 4. ASSEMBLY of new viruses 5 RELEASE of viruses from the host cell |
| TRUE / FALSE Protozoans are single-celled prokaryotic organisms | FALSE They are eukaryotes |
| Protozoans cause disease by producing _________ and __________ that prevent normal functioning of host cells | 1. Toxins 2. Enzymes |
| Name 4 diseases caused by protozoans. | 1. Sleeping sickness 2. Amebic dysentery 3. Giardiasis 4. Malaria |
| Which protozoan infection should you be particularly concerning with when drinking from a stream or pond, especially when beaver are nearby? | Giardiasis |
| TRUE / FALSE Deer ticks are the DIRECT cause of Lyme Disease. | FALSE Deer ticks are the vector that introduce the bacterium into the victims system. If the deer tick did not have the bacterium in it, it would not result in Lyme Disease |
| TRUE / FALSE It is not unusual for weeks or even months to pass before symptoms of lyme disease develop after a deer tick bite. | TRUE |
| What is the vector for West Nile Virus? | Mosquitoes |
| Meningitis and __________ can result from having West Nile Virus | Encephalitis |
| TRUE / FALSE Humans, horses and birds are the only known vertebrates that can be infected with West Nile virus | FALSE There have been occasional infections of dogs and cats as well. |
| Define an epidemic and give some examples. (From Slides) | Large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease Examples include bubonic plague and smallpox |
| Define an emerging disease and give some examples. (From Slides) | Condition with clinically distinct symptoms whose incidence has increased over the last two decades Examples include HIV, SARS, H1N1 influenza |
| Define a reemerging disease and give an example. (From Slides) | A disease that has reappeared after a decline in incidence Example is tuberculosis |
| List the 4 patterns of disease | Sporadic diseases Endemic diseases Epidemic diseases Pandemic |
| Define and classify a sporadic disease. | 1. Occur occasionally at unpredictable intervals 2. Affect a few people within a restricted area |
| Define an endemic disease and provide an example. | Always present and pose little threat Example: common cold |
| Define an epidemic disease and provide an example. | Occur suddenly and spread rapidly to many people Example: smallpox |
| Define a pandemic disease and provide an example from the slides. | Global outbreak of disease Example: HIV/AIDS |
| Name a pandemic that has occurred within the last 10 years. | Covid-19 |
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