3691289
| Question | Answer |
| Tang Dynasty | Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907; estbalished after hundred of years of chaos and division in China; controlled large territory and established tributary states and land reform; women held a higher status during this dynasty since it held the only empress in Chinese history |
| Song Dynasty | Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279; established civil service exam which gave peasants the opportunity to rise in class; many new inventions, improved art, and increase in trade; women held lower status (shown in foot binding) |
| tributary state | independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler; the Tang dynasty established many of these (think of tributary rivers) |
| land reform | breakup of large agricultural holdings for redistribution among peasants; instituted by Tang and strengthened central government by weakening large landowners; also increased government revenues since farmers could now pay taxes |
| gentry | wealthy, landowning class; civil servants of Chinese society who studied Confucian philosophy; valued learning over labor |
| dowry | payment a bride's family makes to the bridegroom and his family; payment a woman brings to marriage; in the Tang and Song Dynasties, a woman could not remarry after she was widowed |
| pagoda | multi-storied Buddhist temple with eaves that curve up at the corners; created during the Tang and Song dynasties during which Chinese arts were improved in several ways |
| What role did Confucianism play in Chinese society? | Confucianism shaped social status. Classes were developed based on it, placing merchants at the bottom and the emperor at the top. One had to be trained in Confucianism in order to be a government official. |
| In what ways were the Tang and Song dynasties similar? | Both dynasties prospered through foreign trade and unified China. They also produced great art, improved agriculture, held strong Confucian beliefs, and maintained a strong civil service system. |
| What was the most important achievement of the Song dynasty, in your opinion, and why? | The most important achievement was movable-type printing because it allowed for more books to be printed at a faster rate. This increase in the number of books would have improved the literacy and education rate, allowing more people to apply to become civil servants. This would have helped to build a better meritocracy. |
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