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Description
Flashcards by Tianne Atori, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tianne Atori
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| define crime | behaviour that breaks the law of a society |
| define deviance | behaviour that does not conform to the main norms of society |
| what is the difference between crime and deviance? | deviance is considered norm-breaking behaviour that is disaproved by society/social groups. crime is behaviour that breaks the law. crime is considered deviant but deviance isn't always criminal. |
| why is it difficult to define deviance? | time; defined by norms that change over time. society; definitions differ between societies. place; influence if deivant of not. social group; vary between groups within society. |
| what is the consensus view on crime? (functionalists) | family is heart of society. people with family problems are more likely to turn to crime. law represents widesreads consensus (agreement among people). some behaviour needs punishment. |
| what is the conflict view on crime? (marxist and feminist) | law represents interests of richest and most important parts f society. impose thoughts on everyone through social control. people in higher position make definition of crime stick more than ordinary people. |
| what are formal rules? | written down rules, usually in form or laws or codes of conduct. |
| what are informal rules? | rules that are never really thought about. they are usually taken for granted or seen as a guideline for behaviour. |
| examples of informal rules | -tax laws -laws against murder -laws against theft |
| examples of informal rules | -curfew -covering your mouth whilst coughing -saying please and thak you |
| how might the family control social behaviour? | rewarding conformity and scolding deviance e.g by taking away your mobile. |
| how might work control social behaviour? | firing or demoting for deviant behaviour whilst promoting you for conformity. |
| how might peer groups control social behaviour? | pressuring you to commit deviant acts and treating you poorly for conformity. |
| how might religion control social behaviour? | if you do good you will enter their holy place in your afterlife if you do bad then you will have a bad afterlife. |
| agents of formal social control | -legislature (law) -police -judiciary (courts) -pental system(prison) |
| what are problems of official statistics? | not all crime are: detected reported recorded |
| why are some crimes not reported? | fear consequences lack of trust in police some crime is too petty too private |
| what is the dark figure off crime? | un reported/ recorded crime. |
| what are British crime surveys? | large survey of a representative sample of people over the age of 26 living in a private household in England and Wales. |
| what are British crime surveys otherwise known as? | Victim surveys |
| advantages of British Crime Surveys | -anonymous -shows dark figure of crime fcus on problem as people expreience them -identifies local and geographically focused figures. |
| disadvantages of British Crime Surveys | -excludes under 16's -some people can't read/ speak english -may not be taken seriously -need to be living in house -participants may lie -does not cover all crime. |
| what are official statistics? | crime statistics recorded by the police |
| what are self report studies? | studies asking people what crimes they have committed |
| advantages of self report studies | -confidential -no interview so removes the human element -helps crime statistics. |
| disadvantages of self report studies | -not everyone admits to crimes -participants may lie -focuses on delinquant/ criminal behaviour -people may not co-operate. |
| psychological explanation of criminal and deviant behaviour | committed by those with impulsive personalities and those whose mind does not process thigs properly |
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