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Description
Flashcards by Ellie Harvey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ellie Harvey
about 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the "target population" in terms of sampling? | The large group of individuals that a researcher may be interested in studying e.g., women in their 30s It is a subset of the general population |
| What is a sample? | A group taken from the target population who take part in the research, presumed to be representative of that TP so that findings can be generalised. |
| What is a random sample? How is this obtained? | A sophisticated form of sampling where all members of the target population have an equal chance of being chosen - This is obtained by taking a complete list of all members of the TP then assigning them a number. - This number is then placed in a randomiser e.g., computer number generator or even pulling them out of a hat |
| What is a stratified sample? How is this obtained? | When a sample is compiled to reflect the proportions of different sub-groups (strata) within the TP or general population - First the different strata are identified, then representative proportions are worked out e.g., 20% are black so out of 40 ppts 8 of them have to be black. - From this point participants from each stratum are randomly selected. |
| What is a systematic sample? How is this obtained? | - This is when every nth person from a list of those in a target population is chosen (a sampling frame) - This nth interval can be generated randomly to reduce bias |
| What is a opportunity sample? How is this obtained? | When researchers simply decide to select anyone who is willing and available at the time. They may just ask anyone around them at the time of study e.g... people walking down that street |
| What is a volunteer sample? How is this obtained? | When participants select themselves in response to an ad or raising their hand when asked as a group. This is aka self- selection |
| Strengths/ Weaknesses of Random sampling | + Free from researcher bias as they have no influence on who is selected - Difficult and time-consuming as lists of the complete TP may be hard to obtain - Laws of probability suggest it is likely to be unrepresentative - Selected ppts may refuse to take part (meaning you end up with something similar to a volunteer sample) |
| Strengths/ Weaknesses of Stratified sampling | + Avoids researcher bias + Most representative sample making findings easier to generalise - Stratification isn't perfect and cannot reflect every difference as people are so different |
| Strengths/ Weaknesses of systematic sampling | + Avoids researcher bias + Fairly representative sample - Like random, it becomes similar to volunteer if ppts refuse to take part |
| Strengths/ Weaknesses of opportunity sampling | + Convenient, saving time, effort and it is less costly - Suffers researcher bias - Unrepresentative and hard to generalise |
| Strengths/ Weaknesses of volunteer sampling | + Very easy, requiring minimal input from the researcher, less time consuming - Volunteer bias is an issue, may attract a certain "profile" of person limiting generalisation |
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