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| Question | Answer |
| 14th amendment | one of the civil war amendments, defined US citizenship and guarantees "equal protection under law" |
| DE JURE segregation | segregation established by law. EX. Jim Crow and the Supreme court decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson |
| de facto segregation | Latin phrase that means "by fact". Segregation that occurred NOT by law but as a result of tradition. EX. in 1900' s blacks and whites attended separate churches |
| Jim crow laws | segregation laws in the south |
| Original Jurisdiction | authority of a court to hear a case for the FIRST time. |
| Appellate jurisdiction | authority of a court to hear a case APPEALED from a lower court |
| Legal Brief | written document explaining the postion of one side or the other in a case |
| Majority opinion | statement that presents the views of the majority of the supreme court justices regarding a case. |
| Dissenting opinion | statement written by a supreme court justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her own opinion. |
| "stare decisis" | principle followed by judges and the supreme court a Latin term that means " Lets yesterday's decision stand" |
| Precedent | ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a latter, similar case. |
| due process of laws | fair and equal treatment in a court of law,5th and 14th amendment s mention due process of law. |
| Dred Scott V. Sanford | case of a slave named Dred Scott. The supreme court ruled African americans were property, not citizens, and had no rights under the constitution |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | case about homer plessy a black man, who purchased a ticket to ride a all white railroad car in louisiana. Case established "separate but equal" |
| Brown v. Board of education of Topeka, Kansas | banned segregation in public schools |
| Briggs v. Elliot | case that challenged segregated schools in Clarendon COunty, South Carolina |
| Korematsu v. United States | during WW2 japanese americans citizens living on the west coast were moved to internment camps. Supreme court upheld the President's authority to do this. |
| University of California v. Blake | supreme court case on affirmative action. It bars use of racial quota systems in college admissions but also affirmative actions programs are constitutional |
| Reverend J.A.Delane | pastor and teacher at Liberty Hill Elementary School, In 1947 and a group of black parents sued Clarendon County School District #22 and asked for a bus for the black students.The case was overthrown |
| Harry Briggs Jr. | a little black boy who had to walk 5 miles to school everyday |
| Thurgood Marshall | Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. Sided with Harry Briggs Sr. |
| John W. Davis | lawyer who represented South Carolina's side ; he was arguing FOR the segregation laws in South Carolina |
| Earl Warren | Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States. |
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