38409986
Description
Flashcards by Chloe Bowman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chloe Bowman
almost 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the primary function of DNA? | To store genetic information |
| Where is DNA located in the cell? | Nucleus |
| What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide? | Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate groups |
| What are the four different nitrogen bases within DNA? | Adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine |
| What is Charagraffs rule? | A=T C=G |
| What enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strand by breaking up the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases? | Heliacase |
| The main enzyme that is responsible for DNA replication by using free nucleotides to create a new DNA strand? | DNA polymerase |
| How many strands make up DNA? | 2 |
| How many strands make up RNA? | 1 |
| DNA and RNA are made of what type of sugars? | Ribose and deoxyribose |
| DNA and RNA have what specific nitrogen bases? | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine |
| What are the three types of RNA? | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
| What is a point mutation? | A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence |
| What are silent point mutations? | The change in DNA bases doesn't affect the sequence of amino acids |
| What are nonsense point mutations? | Codon is changed from an amino acid to a stop codon |
| What are missense point mutations? | Substitutes one amino acid for another |
| What is a frameshift mutation? | Causes a shift in the reading of the frame |
| What is an insertion frameshift mutation? | Adds a nucleotide base |
| What is a deletion frameshift mutation? | Removes a nucleotide base |
| What components take part in transcription? | DNA, RNA, mRNA, amino acids |
| Where does transcription take place? | Nucleus |
| Where does translation take place? | Ribosome |
| What is transcription? | The process by which DNA gets converted into mRNA |
| What is translation? | The process of converting the information stored in mRNA and using it to create protein |
| What components take place in transcription? | RNA, DNA, mRNA, amino acids |
| What components take place in translation? | mRNA, tRNA, amino acids |
| What is the correct sequence for conducting protein synthesis? | DNA --> mRNA --> rRNA --> tRNA --> Amino Acid --> Protein |
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