DNA and Protein Synthesis Study Guide

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Chloe Bowman
Flashcards by Chloe Bowman, updated more than 1 year ago
Chloe Bowman
Created by Chloe Bowman almost 2 years ago
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Question Answer
What is the primary function of DNA? To store genetic information
Where is DNA located in the cell? Nucleus
What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide? Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate groups
What are the four different nitrogen bases within DNA? Adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine
What is Charagraffs rule? A=T C=G
What enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strand by breaking up the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases? Heliacase
The main enzyme that is responsible for DNA replication by using free nucleotides to create a new DNA strand? DNA polymerase
How many strands make up DNA? 2
How many strands make up RNA? 1
DNA and RNA are made of what type of sugars? Ribose and deoxyribose
DNA and RNA have what specific nitrogen bases? Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
What are the three types of RNA? mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What is a point mutation? A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence
What are silent point mutations? The change in DNA bases doesn't affect the sequence of amino acids
What are nonsense point mutations? Codon is changed from an amino acid to a stop codon
What are missense point mutations? Substitutes one amino acid for another
What is a frameshift mutation? Causes a shift in the reading of the frame
What is an insertion frameshift mutation? Adds a nucleotide base
What is a deletion frameshift mutation? Removes a nucleotide base
What components take part in transcription? DNA, RNA, mRNA, amino acids
Where does transcription take place? Nucleus
Where does translation take place? Ribosome
What is transcription? The process by which DNA gets converted into mRNA
What is translation? The process of converting the information stored in mRNA and using it to create protein
What components take place in transcription? RNA, DNA, mRNA, amino acids
What components take place in translation? mRNA, tRNA, amino acids
What is the correct sequence for conducting protein synthesis? DNA --> mRNA --> rRNA --> tRNA --> Amino Acid --> Protein
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