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| Question | Answer |
| Define photosynthesis | Plants making their own food using the sun's energy. |
| Define respiration | A process all organisms need. Glucose is created by breathing. |
| What do plants create when they respire? | Oxygen |
| Define enzymes | Chemicals that speed up a chemical reaction and are proteins |
| What are enzymes made up of? | Long chains of amino acids |
| How are enzymes created? | By a genetic code telling the cells what to do. |
| What gives enzymes their three-dimensional shape? | The different types and orders of amino acids |
| What do enzymes work on? | Substrates |
| What's an active site? | A part of the enzyme which has a special shape where the substrate fits into |
| What could make the enzymes stop working? | If the PH and temperature are wrong |
| Photosynthesis reaction | Carbon dioxide+water Light energy ------------> glucose+oxygen |
| What does light energy do in photosynthesis? | Gives carbon dioxide the energy it needs to turn into oxygen |
| What is chlorophyll? | It absorbs sunlight and is found in chloroplasts |
| Where are chloroplasts found? | Wherever the plant is exposed to light |
| What is the waste product of photosynthesis? | Oxygen |
| What is the basic unit of life? | A cell |
| What is cytoplasm? | Where chemical reactions take place |
| What is glucose used for in plants? | To convert into chemicals needed for the plant's growth; converts into starch for storage; and to release during respiration. |
| What does the cell membrane do? | Regulates what comes in and out of the cell |
| What do animal cells and micro-organisms have? | A nucleus, cytoplasm, and a membrane |
| What's different about plant cells and animal cells' membrane? | Plant cells have cell walls |
| What does the nucleus contain? | DNA |
| What does cytoplasm contain? | Mitochondria which is found in animal and plant cells in. It contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration |
| Define diffusion | The movement of chemicals from a high to low concentration. It is passive. |
| How does diffusion fit into photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide enters and then oxygen leaves. |
| Define osmosis | A type of diffusion that uses water. It happens when chemicals are separated by a partially permeable membrane. |
| Why is it important for nitrates to be high in concentrate in plant cells? | Nitrates are high in concentration in the plant cells rather than in the soil to stop the root cells being taken up in diffusion. |
| What do root cells use to transport nitrates? | Active transport |
| Define active transport | Using energy from respiration to transport chemicals across the cell membranes. |
| What can affect the rate of photosynthesis? | Temperature, carbon dioxide, and light intensity. |
| Define respiration | A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy by breaking down large food molecules |
| What respires? | All organisms and every cell in the body |
| What is needed for respiration? | Glucose |
| Define aerobic | When oxygen is used |
| Aerobic respiration equation | glucose+oxygen-->carbon dioxide+water+(energy released) |
| What do organisms need aerobic respiration for? | Synthesis of large molecules and movement. |
| What do plants use photosynthesis for? | Respiration and active transport. |
| When is anaerobic respiration used? | When oxygen is low or absent, it is used to obtain energy. |
| What uses up more glucose: aerobic or anaerobic? | Anaerobic |
| Where is anaerobic produced? | Occurs in muscle cells during exercise; plant roots when the soil is waterlogged; and bacteria when there is a deep cut. |
| Anaerobic respiration | glucose-->lactic acid+ENERGY |
| Define fermentation | A type of anaerobic respiration which is used by some micro-organisms. |
| What does yeast produce? | Ethanol |
| What is fermentation used for? | Alcoholic drinks and bread. |
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