DENTAL PULP

Question	Answer
USED TO DESCRIBE THE DARK AREAS IN RADIOGRAPH ALLOWS PASSAGE OF XRAYS LESS DENSE	RADIOLUCENT
Innermost soft, connective tissue of the tooth	DENTAL PULP
USED TO DESCRIBE THE LIGHT OR WHITE AREAS IN RADIOGRAPH OBSTRUCT PASSAGE OF XRAYS DENSE	RADIOPAQUE
IS BONE RADIOPAQUE OR NOT	YES
IS SOFT TISSUE A RADIOLUCENT OR NOT?	YES
Derived from the dental papilla like the dentin	DENTAL PULP
FUNCTIONS OF THE DENTAL PULP	- Formative or developmental -Nutritive -Sensory or Protective - Defensive or reparative
Contains nerves, arterioles, venules, capillaries, lymph channels, connective tissue cells, intercellular substance, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, collagen and fine fibers	DENTAL PULP
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	ODONTBLAST
function of pulp production of primary and secondary dentin by odontoblasts	Formative or developmental
function of pulp supplies nutrients and moisture to dentin through the blood vascular supply to the odontoblasts and their processes	Nutritive
function of pulp various stimuli elicit only pain as a response, does not differentiate between heat, touch, pressure and chemicals; control of circulation in the pulp	Sensory and Protective:
function of pulp ✓ response to irritation by mechanical, thermal, chemical or bacterial stimuli	Defensive or reparative
function of pulp deposition of reparative dentin - protective barrier against caries and various other irritating factors	Defensive or reparative
function of pulp In cases of severe irritation, inflammation may become irreversible; since it is confined in dentin, dentin limits the inflammatory response	Defensive or reparative
protective barrier against caries and various other irritating factors	deposition of reparative dentin
convenient source of multipotent stem cells	dental pulp
Soft connective tissue that supports the dentin	dental pulp
Principal cells of dental pulp	Odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells, macrophages, immunocompetent cells
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	NERVES
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	DENDRITIC CELL
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	DENDRITIC CELL
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	PREDENTIN
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	DENTIN
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	DENTAL PULP
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	ODONTOBLAST
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	DENTINE
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	TUBULE
Image: Odontoblast (binary/octet-stream)	DENTINAL TUBULE
4 ZONES OF THE PULP	-Odontoblastic zone -Cell-free zone of Weil -Cell-rich zone -Pulp core
ZONE OF THE PULP (pulp periphery)	Odontoblastic zone
ZONE high cell density (which again is seen easily in the coronal pulp adjacent to the cell-free zone)	Cell-rich zone
zone major vessels and nerves (which is characterized by the major vessels and nerves of the pulp)	Pulp core
ZONE OF THE PULP beneath the odontoblasts (which is prominent in the coronal pulp)	Cell-free zone of Weil
Form and maintain the dentin	ODONTOBLAST
Form a layer lining the periphery of the pulp and have the odontoblastic process extend into dentin	ODONTOBLAST
Most distinctive cells of the pulp	ODONTOBLAST
odontoblast Midportion of pulp	cuboidal
Crown of fully developed tooth: cell bodies are columnar and measure approximately 50 µm in height	ODONTOBLAST
odontoblast Apical part	flattened
reflects their functional activity and ranges from an active synthetic phase to a quiescent phase	Morphology of odontoblasts
begins at the neck of the cells where it begins to narrow as it enters the predentin	Odontoblast process
Odontoblasts in the crown is larger than odontoblasts in the root	ODONTOBLAST
Soft connective tissue that supports the dentin	dental pulp
when differentiated, they cannot undergo further cell division	Odontoblasts are end cells
give dentin its viability and ability to respond to various stimuli	Dentinal tubule and its contents
2 DIVISION OF PULP CAVITY	pulp chamber AND root canal
convenient source of multi-potent stem cells	dental pulp
The space PULP occupies	pulp cavity
radicular portion	root canal
coronal portion	pulp chamber
terminates at the apical foramen, where the pulp and the periodontal ligament meet and the main nerves and vessels enter and leave the tooth	root canaL
control of circulation in the pulp	Defensive or reparative
LOCATION OF LARGER ODONTOBLASTS	CROWN
Most abundant cells in the pulp	FIBROBLASTS
When dentin is exposed due to caries, cavity preparation, gingival recession or attrition	DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY
Represent pool from which pulp connective tissue cells are derived	UNDIFFERENTIATED ECTOMESENCHYMAL CELLS
cell bodies are columnar and measure approximately 50 µm in height,	Crown of fully developed tooth
Forms and maintains pulp matrix	FIBROBLAST
abundant cytoplasm and peripheral cytoplasmic extensions	UNDIFFERENTIATED ECTOMESENCHYMAL CELLS
THEORIES OF DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY	Nerve theory Odontoblast theory Hydrodynamic theory
MECHANISM OF DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY The tubular nature of dentin permits fluid movement to occur within the tubule when a stimulus is applied, a movement registered by pulpal free nerve endings close to the odontoblasts *	HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY
Numerous in the coronal portion (cell-rich zone)	FIBROBLAST
Concentric layers of mineralized tissue formed by surface accretion around blood thombi, dying/ dead cells or collagen fibers	PULP STONES
Can be free or unattached to the outer pulpal wall or can be attached to dentin	PULP STONES
found throughout the cell-rich area and the pulp core	UNDIFFERENTIATED ECTOMESENCHYMAL CELLS
the means by which the pulp and mineralised tissues surrounding the dentine (enamel and cementum) communicate.	DENTINAL TUBULE
consists of collagen and ground substance	PULP MATRIX
MECHANSIM OF DENTIN The dentin contains nerve endings that respond when it is stimulated	NERVE THEORY
Mesenchymal cells that have self-renewal capability	DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS
Have the capacity to give rise to osteoblasts and may therefore be a promising tool for bone regeneration	DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS
Similar function to the Langerhans’ cells of the epithelium	immunosurveillance through capture and presentation of foreign antigen to the T cells
Consists of collagen fibers and ground substance that make up the extracellular matrix of the pulp	MATRIX AND GROUND SUBSTANCE
MECHANISM OF DENTIN odontoblasts serves as receptors and are coupled to nerves in the pulp	ODONTOBLASTIC THEORY
Reduces the overall number of cells within the pulp	PULP STONES
A THEORY WHERE odontoblasts act as a receptor	Odontoblast theory
the need for synthesis diminishes and the fibroblasts appear as flattened spindle-shaped cells with dense nuclei	With age
PRIMARY FUNCTION OF FIBROBLAST	the maintenance of structural integrity within the connective tissue
Macrophages appear as large oval or sometimes elongated cells with dark-stained nucleus microscopically	INFLAMMATORY CELLS
FIBROBLAST actively synthesizing matrix and therefore have a plump cytoplasm and extensive amount of organelles	Young pulps
Stimulated directly or indirectly by fluid movement	Hydrodynamic theory
Endodontic therapy	ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
may contain tubules and be surrounded by cells resembling odontoblasts	TRUE PULP STONES
ACTS AS Denticles	PULP STONES
have the capability of ingesting and degrading collagen when appropriately stimulated	FIBROBLAST
Depending on the stimulus, may give rise to odontoblasts or fibroblasts	UNDIFFERENTIATED ECTOMESENCHYMAL CELLS
A THEORY WHERE Dentin is innervated directly	Nerve theory
Can be a problem during endodontic therapy	PULP STONE
promising tool for bone regeneration	DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS
These cells participate in immunosurveillance and increase in number in carious teeth, where they infiltrate the odontoblast layer and can protect their processes into the tubules.	INFLAMMATORY CELLS
T lymphocytes are found HERE	Normal pulps
B lymphocytes are scarce HERE	Normal pulps
bone-marrow derived, antigen presentingdendritic cells are found in and around the	Dendritic cells
Can differentiate into odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and neurons	DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS
Discrete calcified masses that have calciumphosphorus ratios comparable to dentin	PULP STONES
Overall collagen content increases with age of the pulp	MATRIX AND GROUND SUBSTANCE
Decreased volume of the pulp chamber and root canal due to continued dentin deposition	age changes
Greatest concentration of collagen generally occurs in the most apical portion of the pulp	Greatest concentration of collagen generally occurs in the most apical portion of the pulp
Ground substance resembles other tissues: glycosaminoglycans, glycoprotein and water	MATRIX AND GROUND SUBSTANCE
gradual reduction of the tubule diameter; closure of the tubule	Deposition of intratubular dentin
Blood vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of the apical and accessory foramina	VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SUPPLY
inceased brittleness and decreased permeability	Sclerotic dentin
Fibers are principally type I and type III collagen	MATRIX AND GROUND SUBSTANCE
extensive plexus of nerves in the cell-free zone of Weil just below the cell bodies of the odontoblasts in the crown portion of the tooth	Subodontoblastic plexus of Raschkow
Nerves enter the pulp through the apical foramen along with the afferent blood vessels and together form the neurovascular bundle	INNERVATION OF THE DENTIN-PULP COMPLEX
what age when the cell density has decreased by about half	70
Circulation establishes the tissue fluid pressure found in the extracellular compartment of the pulp	VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SUPPLY
Sensory afferent nerves of CN V (trigeminal nerve) and sympathetic branches of the superior cervical ganglion;	myelinate and unmyelinated axons
One or sometimes two vessels of arteriolar size enter the apical foramen with the	abt 150 mm)
They arise as small, blind, thin-walled vessels in the coronal region of the pulp	Lymphatic vessels
reduction in the vascular supply to the pulp	Restriction in pulp volume
cells gradually decrease in number	20
Age changes render the pulp more resistant to environmental injury	tubule occlusion
produce more sclerotic dentin, deposit secondary dentin at an increased rate	Response to gradual attrition
gradual reduction of the tubule diameter; closure of the tubule	Deposition of intratubular dentin
Occurrence of irregular areas of dystrophic calcifications	when the age changes
Reparative dentin also contributes to the reducing sensitivity	Increase in dead tracts and sclerotic dentin
More severe stimulus	tertiary dentin formation at the ends of the tubules affected by the injury
Appearance of fibrous bundles due to change in collagen fibril distribution	WHEN THE AGE CHANGES
age lessens the ability of the dentin-pulp complex to repair itself	Age of the pulp determines its ability to repair the damage
decreased potential for differentiation of new odontoblasts from the mesenchymal cells of the pulp and the formation of reparative dentin	WITH AGE
narrowing of dentinal tubule diameter, deposition of peritubular dentin	AGING
have a much more favorable prognosis for surviving pulpal inflammation	Recently erupted teeth with large pulp chambers and short, wide canals with large apical foramina
Stimuli are not transmitted as rapidly Complete obliteration of older tubules with mineralization Pulp horns recede Pulp becomes more fibrotic	AGING
band of epithelium that gives rise to two subdivisions which ingrow into the underlying mesenchyme colonized by neural crest cells	Primary epithelial band
which forms afterwards and is positioned just in front of dental lamina	vestibular lamina
Largest portion of the tooth structure, extending almost the full length of the tooth	dentin
covered by the enamel in the crown and cementum in the roots	dentin
forms the walls of the pulp cavity – pulp chamber and pulp canal	dentin
Both dentin and pulp are derived from the	mesoderm
Provides elasticity and strength to the tooth;	dentun
enables it to withstand loading forces by mastication and trauma	dentin
Protects and preserves the integrity of the pulp tissue	dentin
• More radiolucent than enamel but more radiopaque than the pulp	dentin
Protects and preserves the integrity of the pulp tissue	dentin
composition Mature dentin:	70 inorg , 20 org, 10 water
TRUE OR FALSE Dentinal crystallites are smaller than enamel crystallites	T
Dentinal crystallites size in bone and cementum	(length: 20-100nm, width: 3nm)
Provides greater yield to the pressure of a sharp explorer tine (tends to catch and hold in dentin)	DENTIN

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	Created by Meeli Yung almost 2 years ago