Intro to Sociology

Description

Founder of sociology and two contributions related to the founder. Key terms and concepts with definitions.
Erin Mertens
Flashcards by Erin Mertens, updated 14 days ago
Erin Mertens
Created by Erin Mertens 15 days ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Auguste Comte Founded sociology, positivism Systematic study of society
Harriet Martineau Introduced sociology to England Focused on the domestic sphere
Karl Marx Founded conflict perspective Studied bourgeoisie and proletariat
Herbert Spencer applied theories of Darwin to societies the term "survival of the fittest"
Emile Durkheim Social bonds: mechanical solidarity or organic solidarity Wrote about social facts as external influences on behavior
Jane Addams Focused on child labor, working hours, industrial safety, womens rights Helped found ACLU
Max Weber Focused on bureaucracies and rationalization of society Wrote: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
W.E.B. DuBois term"double consciousness" Wrote about African American social identities and experiences First African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Focus on micro-level processes day-to-day social interactions
Symbolic Interactionist Vocabulary Symbols, language, labels, meaning, interaction, observation
Conflict Perspective Macro-level analysis observes large-scale social processes wealthy / working class
Conflict Perspective founder Karl Marx
Conflict Perspective wealth/working class Wealth: bourgeoisie working class: proletariat
Conflict perspective vocabulary power, scarce resources, competition, inequality, struggle, disparities
Functionalist perspective founder Emile Durkheim
Functionalist vocabulary Stability, function, dysfunction, manifest function, latent function
Manifest function intended consequences of our actions
Latent functions unintended consequences of our actions
Functionalist perspective study The interconnected web of systems or structures, each has a specific purpose. If one system fails the entire system is threatened. The balance of society
Robert Merton Function, dysfunction manifest functions, latent functions
Robert Merton Function beneficial consequences of our actions
Robert Merton Dysfunction harmful consequences of our actions
Robert Merton Manifest functions intended consequences of our actions
Robert Merton Latent functions unintended consequences of our actions
feminist perspective inequality between men and women with action steps to fix or improve society
feminist perspective gender wage gap difference in wages of men and women
feminist perspective glass ceiling invisible barrier keeping women from advancing
feminist perspective sexual harassment unwelcome advances
feminist vocabulary oppression, feminism, action steps, policies, legislation, social change
Feminism political and sociological movement recognizing inequalities between sexes
intersectional feminism social factors, race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexual orientation
ethnocentrism judgmental towards another culture, being superior
taboos forbidden rules, example: incest or cannibalism
folkways every day customs, informal rules
gender roles society norms aligned with sex
George Herbert Meades 3 phases preparatory stage play stage game stage
preparatory stage Children learn by imitating the behavior and gestures of others
Play stage Children begin to act out social roles they observe in their environment
Game stage Children learn to relate to others by participating in organized games and activities
Meades theory Explains how self-identity develops through social interactions
Looking glass self A person's self-image is shaped mainly by how they believe others perceive them
"Mores" The social norms and customs that are widely accepted and observed within a particular culture or society
socialization learning how to be a member of society
agents of socialization family, peer institutions, mass media
culture Collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms that define a group of people or society
subculture cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture
countercultural A culture or movement that opposes or rejects the values and norms of mainstream society
self-image perception of ourselves
self-concept Fixed self does not change
aggregate To gather or collect into a whole or mass, but no one knows each other
category Share traits or characteristics
status position occupied, group, society
role attitude attached to a given status
role expectation expectations for behavior
status set All statuses a person holds
master status dominant statuses example: doctor over father
role conflict employee and parent example: have places to be as a parent and employee at the same time
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