4113084
Description
Flashcards by Ellie Langer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ellie Langer
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 7 Properties of Life | 1. Displays order 2. Harnesses & Utilizes Energy 3. Reproduces 4. Responds to Stimuli 5. Exhibits Homeostasis 6. Grows & Develops 7. Evolves |
| Size of a cell | 1-100 micrometres (10^-6 m) |
| Inventor of Mircoscope | Zacharias JENSEN |
| Discovered Cells | Robert Hooke |
| Father of Microbiology | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover | Protists "Little Animalcules" |
| What did Robert Hook discover | The Nucleus |
| What theory replaced the Theory of Spontaneous Generation | All cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Who discovered that both plant and animal are made of cells | Mathias Schleiden & Theodore Schwann |
| Who put forth the theory that all cells come from pre-existing cells | Rudolph Virchow |
| 3 Types of Microscopy | 1. Optical 2. (Transmission) Electron 3. Scanning Electron - 3D |
| Magnification | Ratio between size of image and actual size of object |
| Resolution | Ability to observe 2 adjacent objects as distinct from each other |
| Contrast | How different one structure looks from another |
| Theory of Cells | 1. all cells come from pre-existing cells 2. fill in later |
| Fermentation: aerobic or anaerobic | anaerobic |
| Who first broke the yeast cell & what did he discover | Marcelin Berthelot & Invertase work even when cell is dead |
| Invertase | Enzyme that converts sucrose to fructose and glucose |
| Protein that ferments sugar into Ethanol in Yeast | Zymase |
| 4 basic types of Organic molecules | 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids |
| Which basic organic molecule isn't a polymer | Lipids |
| Largest mass of nutrients on the plant | cellulose |
| Largest polymer of Glucose used by animals | Glycogen |
| 2 Main reserves of Glycogen | Liver for blood Muscle for brain |
| Direction that DNA and RNA are built | 5' to 3' |
| Central Theory of Molecular Biology | 1. DNA stores genetic material and synthesize itself 2. RNA transcribed from DNA 3. RNA used to build proteins (translate Nucleic Acids to Amino Acids) |
| Lipids tend to be Hydro____ or __________________ | Hydrophobic or Non-polar |
| Phospholipid are (water vs oil) | Amphipathetic one end hydrophobic & other end hydrophiliac |
| Cellular structures made of Phospholipids & why | membranes tails attract each other (hydrophiliac) & Head on outside repel water |
| Why are cells small | 1. easier to replace w/o loss of function 2. larger surface area to volume ratio (higher metabolism possible) |
| Key difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes have & Prokaryotes don't 1. nucleus 2. lots of organelles 3. multiple chromosomes |
| Subcellular Fractionation | Use a centrifuge to break a cell & separate out organelles |
| Source of Mitochondrial DNA | Mom only |
| How ions & polar molecules & large molecules pass through cell membrane | transport protein channels |
| Eukaryotes evolved from | Union of a protist cell and a bacteria cell |
| Mitochondria evolved from | Aerobic Bacteria |
| Chloroplasts evolved from | Cyanobacteria |
| Most Cellular activity occurs in | Cytoplasm |
| Role of Cytoskeleton | 1. Give shape and mechanical resistance to deformation 2. enable cell to move [contraction & cytokinesis] |
| 3 types of Fibres in Cytoskeleton | 1. Microfilament 2. Micro tubules 3. Intermediate filaments |
| 2 Roles of Microfilaments | 1. contract cell 2. Cytokinesis |
| 2 Roles of Micro tubules | 1. Form spindle 2. Structure in flagella and cilia that allows locomotion |
| 3 layers of Nuclear Envelope | 2 membranes and lamins network just beside inner membrane |
| 3 Common shapes for Prokaryotes | 1. Spherical - Cocci 2. Rod-like - Bacilli 3. Spiral - Spirochetes |
| Role of Ribosomes | Build Protein from Amino Acids |
| Shape of Prokaryote DNA | Circle |
| Describe a Prokaryote cell wall | Rigid & coated in glycocalyx |
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