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Description
Flashcards by jacob gray, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jacob gray
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Arenes | Aromatic hydrocarbons with one or more benzene rings |
| Delocalised electrons | Electrons shared between more than 2 atoms |
| Addition reaction | Reaction where a reactant is added to a unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule 2 reactants = 1 product |
| Substitution reaction | An atom or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms 2 reactants = 2 products |
| Electrophile | An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond |
| Electrophilic substitution | A type of substitution reaction where an electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond |
| Reaction mechanism | The series of steps that together make up the overall reaction |
| Functional group | Part of the molecule that is responsible for its chemical reactions |
| Electronegativity | The measure of attraction of a bonded pair of electrons in a covalent bond |
| Redox reaction | A reaction where oxidation and reduction both occur |
| Reflux | The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction the contents of the flask boiling dry |
| Nucleophile | An atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron deficient centre where it donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond |
| Curly arrow | Symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond |
| Esterification | The reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid to make an ester and water |
| Hydrolysis | The reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds |
| Low density lipoprotein | Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the litter to tissues |
| High density lipoproteins | Can remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation |
| Peptide | Compound made of amino acids liked by peptide bonds |
| Zwitterion | Dipolar ionic form of an amino acid that is formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group. As both charges are present there is no overall charge |
| Isoelectric point | The pH value at which the amino acid exists as a zwitterion |
| Condensation reaction | Two smaller molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a smaller molecule, water |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking of a bond by reaction with water Can be catalised by acid or alkali |
| Stereoisomers | A species with same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space |
| Chiral carbon | Carbon atom attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms |
| Optical isomers | Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of eachother |
| Repeat unit | The specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again Drawn in brackets, outside symbol, n |
| Biodegradable polymer | A polymer that breaks down into carbon dioxide and water |
| Degradable polymer | A polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat or moisture |
| Pharmacological activity | The beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter |
| Phase | Physically distinctive form of a substance of ordinary matter |
| Mobile phase | The phase that moves in chromatography |
| Stationary phase | The phase that does not move in chromatography |
| Adsorption | The process by which a solid holds molecules of a gas or liquid or solute as a thin film on the surface of a solid, rarely liquid |
| Chromatogram | A visible record showing the result of separation of the components of a mixture by chromatography |
| Rt | Distance moved by component ------------------------------------------------ Distance moved by solvent |
| Retention time | In gas chromatography, is the time for a component to pass from the column inlet to the detector |
| Chemical shift | A scale that compares the frequency of an NMR absorption with the frequency of the reference peak of TMS at 0 ppm |
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