4362407
Description
Flashcards by gergessandra156, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by gergessandra156
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hypothesis | a theory or statement that is either true or false. |
| Statistics | numerical data, or the collection , organization and analysis of numerical data. |
| Primary data | original data that researchers gather for a particular experiment/survey. |
| secondary data. | data that someone else has gathered for some other purpose. |
| sample | any group of people or items selected from a population. |
| population | the whole group of people or items being studied. |
| census | a survey of all members of a population. |
| random sample | a sample in which all members of a population have an equal chance of being chosen. |
| what are the 3 different types of random sampling? define each. | 1. simple; choosing specific number of members randomly from the population. 2. systematic; choosing members of a population at fixed intervals from a randomly selected number. 3. stratified; dividing a population into distinct groups and choosing the same fraction from each group. |
| non-random sampling | using a method that is not random to choose a sample form a population. |
| bias | error resulting from choosing a sample that does not represent the whole population. |
| inference | conclusion based on reasoning and data. |
| dependent variable | a variable that is affected by some other variable. |
| independent variable | a variable that affects the value of another variable. |
| outlier | measurement that differs significantly from the rest of the data. |
| interpolate | estimate a value between two measurements in two sets of data |
| extrapolate | estimate a value beyond the range of a set of data. |
| line of best fit | a straight line that comes closest to the points on a scatter plot. |
| distance-time graph | a graph that shows how distance varies with time. |
| variable | a quantity whose value can change and is usually represented by a letter. |
| algebraic expression | a phrase made up of numbers and variables connected by addition and subtraction operators. |
| powers is a product of identical factors and consists of: base and exponent. | |
| exponent laws | set of rules with that allow you to simplify expressions involving powers with the same base. |
| product rule | when multiplying powers with the same base, add the exponents xa+xb=xa+b |
| quotient rule | when dividing powers with the same base, subtract the exponents xa/xb=xa-b |
| power of a power rule | a power of a power can be simplified by multiplying the exponents (xa)b=xa x b |
| term | an expression formed by the product of numbers and/or variables consisting of a coefficient and a variable |
| polynomial | an algebraic expression consisting of one or more terms |
| what are the 3 diff. types of polynomials? define each. | 1. monomial (1) 2. binomial (2) 3. trinomial (3) |
| degree of a term | the sum of exponents |
| degree of a polynomial | the degree of the highest-degree term |
| like terms | terms that have identical variables |
| distributive property | a (x + y) = ax + ay |
| equation | a mathematical statement that says two expressions are equal. |
| solution/root | the value of a variable that makes an equation true |
| constant term | a term that does not include a variable |
| formula | describes an algebraic relationship between 2+ variables |
| direct variation | a relationship between two variables in which one variable is a constant multiple of the other y=kx |
| constant of variation | the ratio of corresponding values of the variable often represented by k. |
| partial variation | a relationship between two variables in which the dependent variable is the sum of a constant number and a constant multiple of the independent variable, |
| slope | a measure of the steepness of a line calculated as rise/run |
| rise | the vertical distance between two points |
| run | the horizontal distance between two points |
| rate of change | a change in quantity relative to the change in another quantity calculated by Y2-Y1 over X2-X1 |
| first differences | differences between consecutive y-values in table of values with evenly spaced x-values |
| x-inercept | the x-coordinate of the point where a line crosses the x-axis |
| standard form | Ax+By+C=0 |
| slope y-intercept form | y=mx+b |
| parallel lines | lines that run in the same direction and never run out -usually have the same slope |
| perpendicular lines | lines that intersect at right angles -neg. recp. |
| linear system | a set of two or more linear equations that are considered at the same time |
| point of intersection | the point where two or more lines cross |
| vertex | where two or more points meet |
| interior angles | angle formed on the inside of a polygon by two sides meeting at the vertex |
| exterior angles | angle formed on the outside of a geometric shape by extending one of the sides of a vertex |
| polygon | closed figure made up of line segments |
| equianglar | having all angles equal |
| adjacent | adjoining or next to |
| supplementary | adding to 180 degrees |
| traversal | line intersecting two or more lines |
| congruent | equal in all aspects |
| convex polygon | a polygon with no part of any line segment joining two points on the polygon outside the polygon |
| concave polygon | a polygon with parts of some line segments joining two points on the polygon outside the polygon |
| heptagon | seven sides |
| midpoint | the point that divides a line segment into two equal segments |
| median | the line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to the point of the opposite side |
| bisect | divide into 2 equal parts. |
| right bisector | a line perp. to a line segment and passing through its midpoints. |
| hypotenuse | -the longest side of a right triangle -the side opposite the 90 angle |
| Pythagorean theorem | a2+b2= c2 -in a right triangle, the square length of the hypo. is equal to the sums of the squares of the lengths of the two shorter sides. |
| surface area | the number of square units needed to cover the surface of a 3d figure |
| volume | the amount of space that an object occupies, measures in cubic units |
| lateral face | the faces of a prism or pyramid that are not bases |
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