4690364
Description
Flashcards by Josh Anderson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Josh Anderson
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Algorithm | A process to be followed in problem-solving, usually by computers. |
| Assembler | A computer program which translates assembly language to an object file or machine language format. |
| Bandwidth | The frequency that a particular signal is transmitted at. |
| Bespoke Software | Software that is specifically developed for a specific organisation/user. |
| CPU | Central Processing Unit - Most processes take place here - the brains of a computer. |
| Cache Memory | An auxiliary memory from which high-speed retrieval is possible. |
| Client-Server | A computer system in which a central server provides data to a number of networked workstations. |
| Clockspeed | The number of calculations a CPU can do per second. |
| Compiler | A computer program which translates source code in a programming language into another computer language. |
| Compression | The same amount of data transmitted by using a smaller number of bits. |
| Compression of Images | Minimizing the size in bytes of a graphics file without degrading the quality of the image. |
| DNS Server | Domain Name System - converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses. (When a URL is typed in, it returns an IP address) |
| Data Handling Software | An application which allows the effective storage of data and records in a logical way - The front end of a database. |
| Fail Over | A procedure by which a system automatically switches to another of the same when it detects a failure. |
| Fetch Execute Cycle | The process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory. |
| Flash Memory | An electric, non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. |
| Flat File Database | A database with a single table. |
| HTTPS | Safe websites that are protected against eavesdropping and attacks. |
| High Level Code | Programming languages that are closer to human languages. |
| IP Address | A unique string of numbers separated by full stops that identifies each computer. |
| Internal Storage | The computer's internal hard drive - Primary storage device. |
| Interpreter | A program that can analyse and execute a separate program line by line. |
| LAN | Local Area Network - Connects devices in a relatively small area. |
| Loss-less | Without loss of information. |
| Lossy | Where unnecessary information is discarded. |
| MAC Address | A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces. |
| Machine Code | A programming language consisting of binary or hexidecimal instructions. |
| Magnetic Storage | Storage which uses different patterns of magnetisation to store the data. |
| Off-the-shelf software | Software that is ready-made and available for sale to the general public. |
| Opcode | A portion of a machine language that specifies the operation to be performed. |
| Operand | Any object that is capable of being manipulated in a computer program. |
| Operating System | System software that manages computer hardware and computer software. |
| Peer to Peer | When two or more devices are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer. |
| RAM | Random access memory - Volatile storage (lost when power is lost). |
| ROM | Read-only memory - Non-volatile storage. Takes a long time to be modified or not at all. |
| Relational Database | A database with multiple tables. |
| Removable Storage | Storage that is not permanently in the device. |
| Sampling | The converting of an analogue sound signal into a digital file containing binary numbers. |
| Solid State Drive | Storage that uses circuits as memory to store data persistently. |
| Standard ways of coding | Efficient programming. |
| Translator | A computer program that performs the translation of a program written in one programming language to another. |
| Utility Software | Software designed to help analyse, configure, optimise, or maintain a computer. |
| Virtual Memory | Memory that allows a computer to compensate for shortages of physical memory. |
| Hacking | The practice of breaking into secure computer systems. |
| Virus | A program designed to cause damage to a computer. |
| Spyware | A program that runs in a computer system to gather information and pass it on to interested parties. |
| Firewall | Used to prevent unauthorised requests from hackers to gain access to the network of computer systems via the Internet. |
| Capacity | How much data can be stored in a storage device. |
| Speed | How quickly data can be read/written. |
| Portability | How easily the device can be moved. |
| Durability | How well the device withstands stress. |
| Reliability | How dependable the device is. |
| Optical | Binary data stored in patterns/dots on a surface. LIGHT hits a dent and reflects differently, allowing the drive to detect differences and read data. Written by a laser 'burning' dents into the surface. CD, DVD, etc. |
| Magnetic | Parts of storage surface magnetised or demagnetised to display data, read/write heads read whether on or off by detecting magnetism. Hard disk, tape, etc. |
| Solid-state | Non-mechanical - no moving parts. Circuits with complex logic gates to retain and change data. Solid state drive, USB, etc. |
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