The Heart & Pericardium

Description

Haematology and Anatomy (Thorax and Upper Limb) Flashcards on The Heart & Pericardium, created by gina_evans0312 on 11/01/2014.
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Flashcards by gina_evans0312, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by gina_evans0312 almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Apex of heart
Pericardium Three layers of membrane covering the heart
Use of apex Normally felt beating between 4th & 5th ribs- lower and it's enlarged
Visceral Pericardium Layer closest to heart- cannot be removed
Pericardial Cavity Space between visceral and parietal pericardium (for lubrication)
Parietal Pericardium Middle layer
Fibrous Pericardium Outer layer
Role of Apex Should be felt between 4th & 5th rib- any lower and it's enlarged
Visceral Pericardium Innermost layer- cannot be removed
Pericardial Cavity Between visceral and parietal pericardia- for lubrication of beating
Parietal Pericardium Middle membrane
Fibrous Pericardium Outermost membrane
Role of Fibrous Pericardium Prevents heart expanding & increases pumping effectiveness
Pericarditis Infection of the pericardium- disrupts blood pumping
Pericardial Pain is caused by... Somatic afferent nerves from parietal layer- carried to phrenic nerve
Atrial Layer Thing & smooth
Ventricular Muscle Very thick
Endocardium Lies inside heart over muscle layer
Semilunar Valves 3 cups to prevent backflow, found in arteries
Mitral Valve Left Side
Tricuspid Valce Right
Mitral/Tricuspid Valves are controlled by Papillary muscle- attach to valves by chorda tendonae
Coronary Arteries 2- left & right
Origin of Coronary Arteries Aorta
Angina Heart pain-sympton of a blockage
Infarction Muscle begins to die due to lack of blood- dull, crushing pain
Infarction Referred Pain Supplied by visceral nerves, so can happen
Stenting Inflation of blocked area using wire mesh
Bypass Take vein/artery from elsewhere and use it to bypass the blockage
Bypass- Vessel used Radial artery- as ulnar artery can supply hand on its own
Mediastinum Thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs
Superior/Inferior Mediastinum Divided by imaginary line between T4 & T5
Anterior Mediastinum In front of heart
Posterior Mediastinum Behind heart
Boundary of Mediastinum- Upper T1 rib
Boundary of Mediastinum- Posterior T1-T12 Vertibra
Boundary of Mediastinum- Anterior Sternum
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