Created by gina_evans0312
almost 11 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Image:
Apex (image/jpg)
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Apex of heart |
Pericardium | Three layers of membrane covering the heart |
Use of apex | Normally felt beating between 4th & 5th ribs- lower and it's enlarged |
Visceral Pericardium | Layer closest to heart- cannot be removed |
Pericardial Cavity | Space between visceral and parietal pericardium (for lubrication) |
Parietal Pericardium | Middle layer |
Fibrous Pericardium | Outer layer |
Role of Apex | Should be felt between 4th & 5th rib- any lower and it's enlarged |
Visceral Pericardium | Innermost layer- cannot be removed |
Pericardial Cavity | Between visceral and parietal pericardia- for lubrication of beating |
Parietal Pericardium | Middle membrane |
Fibrous Pericardium | Outermost membrane |
Role of Fibrous Pericardium | Prevents heart expanding & increases pumping effectiveness |
Pericarditis | Infection of the pericardium- disrupts blood pumping |
Pericardial Pain is caused by... | Somatic afferent nerves from parietal layer- carried to phrenic nerve |
Atrial Layer | Thing & smooth |
Ventricular Muscle | Very thick |
Endocardium | Lies inside heart over muscle layer |
Semilunar Valves | 3 cups to prevent backflow, found in arteries |
Mitral Valve | Left Side |
Tricuspid Valce | Right |
Mitral/Tricuspid Valves are controlled by | Papillary muscle- attach to valves by chorda tendonae |
Coronary Arteries | 2- left & right |
Origin of Coronary Arteries | Aorta |
Angina | Heart pain-sympton of a blockage |
Infarction | Muscle begins to die due to lack of blood- dull, crushing pain |
Infarction Referred Pain | Supplied by visceral nerves, so can happen |
Stenting | Inflation of blocked area using wire mesh |
Bypass | Take vein/artery from elsewhere and use it to bypass the blockage |
Bypass- Vessel used | Radial artery- as ulnar artery can supply hand on its own |
Mediastinum | Thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs |
Superior/Inferior Mediastinum | Divided by imaginary line between T4 & T5 |
Anterior Mediastinum | In front of heart |
Posterior Mediastinum | Behind heart |
Boundary of Mediastinum- Upper | T1 rib |
Boundary of Mediastinum- Posterior | T1-T12 Vertibra |
Boundary of Mediastinum- Anterior | Sternum |
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