484156
Description
Flashcards by jasullivan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jasullivan
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Phenols | Bactericidal, antiseptic and anthelmintic c6 with hydroxyl eg salicylate and salicin in willow bark and meadow sweet |
| Salicin is in | Willow bark and cramp bark |
| Gaultherin is in | Wintergreen. (Gaultheria spp) |
| Spiraein | In Filipendula spp Meadowsweet |
| Aspirin is | Synthetic and is Acetylsalicylic acid |
| Willow bark is named | Salix Spp |
| Cramp bark is named | Viburnum |
| Meadowsweet is named | Filipendula |
| What are the properties of salicin s and salicylate s? | Analgesic,anti pyre tic,anti inflammatory not anti clotting as the synthetic aspirin is |
| Phenylpropenoids are also called | Complex phenols |
| Caffeic, cynarin and cur cumin | Complex phenols |
| Properties of caffeic acid are | Analgesic, Anti inflammatory Promotes intestinal motility |
| Cynarin in globe artichoke (cynarin scolymus) properties include | Hepatoprotective,hypocholesterolaemic |
| Curcumin in turmeric properties include | Hepatoprotective and anti inflammatory |
| Arbutin is a simple phenol. It occurs in what fruit? | Bear berry and pear tree leaves and in arctostaphylos uva ursi |
| Lignans are found in | Flaxseed and soybean |
| Lignans have what properties | Antioxidant and phytoestrogens |
| Lignans are found in what herbs | St Mary's thistle and schisandra |
| What taste does coumarin have | Bitter |
| What plant families contain coumarin | Rubiaceae (madder) Poaceae (grass and oats) Fabacae (legumes) Rutaceae (rue and Citris) Apiaceae (carrots) |
| Warfarin is a synthetic form of | Coumarin |
| The properties of coumarin s are | Anti coagulant Anti microbial Anti fungal |
| Tannins have the ability to ? into insoluble complexes | Precipitate proteins |
| True or false Tannins are astringent and sour | True |
| Tannins are large polar molecules. True or false | True |
| Name two groups of tannins | Hydrolysable and condensed |
| Name two simple phenols that hydrolysable tannins are derived from | Gallic and ellagic |
| Hydrolysable tannins are not soluble in water true or false | False they are soluble in water and alcohol |
| What herbs contain hydrolysable tannins | Agrimony and arctostaphylos UVA ursi |
| What herbs contain condensed tannins | Eucalyptus app Hamamelis Virginia (witch hazel) Chinchona Spp Acacia Spp and Camellia sinensis (tea) |
| Insoluble red residues from condensed tannins are called | Phlobaphenes |
| Essential oils are soluble in alcohol true or false | True |
| Volatile oils are extracted by | Steam distillation Solvent extraction Cold pressing Infusion and enfleurage |
| Essential oils are very concentrated they are used internally. True or false | False they are too concentrated to use internally |
| Pinene and limonene contain hydrocarbon. Their action is | Rubifacient (causes red skin) Anti tumour and Diuretic |
| What actions do mint, Peppermint and Tea tree oil have | Anti microbial |
| Lemon grass and lemon balm contain citronella what actions do they have | Sedative Anti viral and Antimicrobial |
| Cinnamic aldehyde and vanillin are in | Cinnamon |
| Camphor and thuja are | Ketones |
| Thyme and clove actions are | Expectorants Antimicrobials Antispasmodic s Anaesthetic |
| Sassafras acts as an | Irritant |
| The actions of eucalyptus include | Expectorant and mucolytic |
| Lavender acts as a | Sedative |
| Resins are insoluble in water true or false | True |
| The main actions of resins are | Antiseptic and a stimulant to phagocytes |
| Piper methysticum (kava) contains 2 pryrones that are potent skeletal relaxants what are they called | Kavain and methysticin |
| Guaiacum Crude turpentine Frankincense Benzoin and gingerol contain | Resins |
| Non volatile oils are called | Fixed oils |
| Evening primrose oil,rich in GLA and linoleic is used to treat | Mastalgia PMS Endometriosis and Atopic eczema |
| EPA is in | Fish oil Linseed Canola and Walnut oil |
| EPA s inhibit pro inflammatory prostaglandins and inc leukotrienes thus they help | Asthma Reduce thrombosis |
| Polysaccharides maintain the . . . . Of cell walls | Rigidity |
| Cellulose and starch are polymers of | Glucose |
| Gums are | Monosaccharide residues and uronic acid |
| Mucilages are in | Psyllium Slippery elm Comfrey root Coltsfoot leaves |
| Gums and mucilages dissolve in alcohol true or false | False |
| Mucilages are hydrophilic true or false | True |
| Mucilages uses include | Lower cholesterol by binding Bulk up bowels Help reduce blood insulin levels Acts as a prebiotic |
| Fructans are polymers of | Fructose |
| Inulin (fructan) is found in | Garlic Burdock Globe artichoke Wild yam Echinacea Elecampane Dandelion |
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