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Description
Flashcards by Molly Bradbury, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Molly Bradbury
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How are organisms classified? | Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genes Species |
| Define the term species | Individuals having common characteristics or qualities. |
| Are the following organisms the same species? Explain your answer. Felix paradalis and Felix rufus | No they are no the same species but they are the same genus. |
| What is the binomial naming system and why do scientists name orgnisms in this way? | It uses the genus and species for the organisms nam. It is latin and therefore it is universal and everyone understands it. |
| List the 5 kingdoms. | Animals Plants Bacteria Fungi Protoza |
| What is an arthropod? Give examples | Jointed limbs Exoskeleton E.g. insects |
| Energy is lost in a food chian by: | - Movement - Heat temperature - Respiration - Undigested food |
| Define these key term; 1. Trophic level 2. Producer 3. Primary consumer 4. Secondary consumer | 1. Each stage in the food chain 2. An organism that produces its own food 3. An animal that feeds on plants 4. Carnivore that feeds apon herbivores |
| A pyramid of numbers show... | Quantites of plants and animals at different levels of a food chain. |
| A pyramid of biomass shows... | The mass of plants and animals at different levels of a food chain. The heaviest has the biggest block. |
| What is the difference between natural and artificial classification? | Natural; - Almost all animals considered - Groups similar - Identification = easy Artificial; - Only few animals considered - Groups different - Difficult for identifying |
| What are the problems of classification? | Can fit into more than one catogary. |
| How does DNA sequencing lead to changes in classification? | Computer programs compare the DNA sequences of different species to look for similarities and differences. |
| The calculation to work out efficiency of energy transfer is: | Efficiency = Useful energy out / Total energy in. _% |
| Problems with constructing pyramids of biomass include: | You have to kill organisms and remove all of the water. |
| How is carbon dioxide removed from the air? Can you write the word equation for this? | Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen |
| Name 3 ways that CO2 is released back into the atmosphere. | - Respiration - Combustion |
| Why cant nitrogen be used directly by plants and why do plants need nitrates? | It is unreactive and they use the protein for growth and repair. |
| Name 2 elements that are recycled | - Glass - Paper |
| Explain why it takes longer to recycle nutrients in; Waterlogged soil Acidic soil | For decomposers to break down dead material in soil, they need oxygen and a suitable ph -waterlogged soils slow down decay as there is little oxygen -acidic conditions also slow down decay |
| What percentage of the air is nitrogen? | 78% |
| What breaks down nitrogen compounds in dead organisms? | Decomposers. |
| List 4 things that organisms compete for. | - Food - Water - Space - Mates |
| What does each organism get for their mutualistic relationship; 1. BEES AND FLOWERS 2. OXPECKER AND BUFFALO | 1. The bee gets the pollen and the flowers get reproduction 2. The oxpexker birds eat ticks and larvae infesting the skin of buffalo and the buffalo gets no infection. |
| Define the term parasite. | An organism which lives in or on and there organism (its host) and benefits by derving nutrients and the others expense. |
| Outline the role of limestone in the carbon cycle. | Limestone releases CO2 into the atmosphere when they react with acid rain. |
| What are the roles of the following bacteria in the nitrogen cycle; 1. Soil bacteria 2. Nitrifying bacteria 3. Denitrifying bacteria | 1. Nitroge gas is converted to nitrates by nitrogen - fixing bacteria in the soil 2. Converts ammonia into nitrates. 3. Break down nitrates and return nitrogen to the air. |
| Define the term 'ecological niche' and give an example. | Is the role and position a species has in its environment. E.g squirrels - collect acorns. |
| Pea plants and Rhizobium bacteria in root noudules have a mutalistic relationship. What does each gain from their relationship? | - |
| Whats the difference between interspecific and intraspecific competition and which is the most significant and why? | Interspecies - between species E.g. Lions and Hyiennes Intraspecies - within same species E.g Legumes and Bacteria |
| Label on key features of a predator. - Fox | Fox ; - Sharp teeth - Good senses - Hunt in packs - Binocular vision - Camoflage patterns |
| Label on key features of prey. - Rabbit | - Smell - Strong legs - Stay in groups - Teeth - Monocular vision - Long ears |
| Label on adaptations to living in cold habitats. - Polar bear | - Black skin - Oily fur - Smell - Isolation fur - Big feet - Small ears - Blubber under skin - Swim |
| What are animal adaptations? | They have special features that help them to survive in a given habitat. |
| What are Extremophiles? | Living things that can live in extreme environments. E.g. dry, hot, cold. |
| Give 2 examples of organisms that are adapted to extreme environments with how they are adapted. | A pompeii worm - adapted to high temps and pressure of hydro therml vents. |
| Whats the difference between a specialist and a generalist? | Specilise General |
| Why dont penguins feet freeze? | Adaptations - insulation fur |
| Who is this famous scientist and can you outlie his theory of natural selection? | Darwin - All animals and plants come from a common ansestor. |
| Can you explain why the different coloured peppered moth thrive in different environments? | They are not camoflaged and are therefore being eaten more. |
| What was Lamarck,s theory and why has it been discredited? | His theory stipulated that a characteristic which is used more and more by a organism, becomes bigger and stronger. |
| What is antibotic resistance and why could it become a problem? | Is the resistance of a microbe to an antimicrobal medication to prevent an infection problem = people become amune to them. |
| What causes acid rain and why is it a problem? | Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which come from the combustion of fossil fuels, ; it damages plants, acidifies lakes and caused bronchitis. |
| The human population is growing ......... This means that birth rate is ...... than ...... rate. | 1. Dramatically 2. Higher 3. Death |
| Can you name indicator species that live in; - unpolluted areas - polluted areas | - unpolluted areas = salmon, may fly larva - polluted areas = rat tailed maggot, water louse |
| List reasons why organisms can become extinct; | - Climate change - Pollution - Poachers - Habitat loss e.g deforestation - Competing |
| Why are whales hunted? | - Teeth = buttons and piano keys - Sinews = tennis rackets - Skin = belts, shoes etc - Meat = pet food - Bone = fertilisers - Oil = alcohol, candles etc |
| How can habitats be conserved? | - Replace pine trees that you cut down = sustainable - Protecting habitats - Education programmes - Seed banks - Captive breeding programes |
| What is sustainable development? Two examples; | Humans reduce the amount of land and resources available for plants and animals. This happens because of farming, quarrying, dumping waste and building. Careful planning at local, regional and global levels. |
| Define carbon footprint. | A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment. It calculates all the greenhouse gases we are expected to produce in all our activities and measures them in units of carbon dioxide. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of using indicator species as a measure of pollution. | - |
| Explain why a species is at risk of extinction if there is little genetic variation. | The species will be less likely to adapt to changes in the environment or a new disease. |
| Why do we want to do research on whales? | Because some aspects are not fully understood like communication, migration patterns and survival at extreme depths. |
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