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| Question | Answer |
| Cultural navigation | Switch between ethnic culture and mainstream culture |
| Identity | Refers to what social groups we belong to |
| Labelling | How we expected someone to behave based on one or two of their behaviour |
| Nature | What we are born with |
| Nurture | The way we are brought up |
| Norm | How we are expected to behave in a particular situation |
| Personality | A particular blend of skills, habits and other things which makes us unique |
| Primary socialisation | Learning process at an early age, especially by parents |
| Resocialisation | Learning norms and values for new situation |
| Role | How you are expected to behave according to your status |
| Secondary socialisation | Process of learning what is appropriate behaviour as a member of a smaller group within a large society |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | Prediction that directly/indirectly causes itself to become true |
| Status | Refers to how much importance a person is seen to have in a particular job or position |
| Values | What is desirable, important and worth striving for and can change overtime |
| Consumer culture | Culture based on buying goods and services (McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Indian curry, etc.) |
| Cultural diversity | Differences between cultures |
| Cultural relativism | Accepting there are different cultures, but none are superior or insuperior |
| Cultural universals | Forms of behaviour that can be found in all cultures (e.g. language, religion, marriage and the family, etc.) |
| Formal curriculum | Teaching norms and values to reflect what behaviour is expected as adults |
| Hidden curriculum | Teaching norms and values to reflect what behaviour is expected as adults |
| Instincts | Inborn tendency to behave in a particular way |
| Punishments | Causing someone to suffer the consequences of wrongdoings |
| Rewards | Things given in praise of good behaviour |
| Sanctions | Things done to punish bad behaviour |
| Social control | Making sure the society accept the norms and values |
| Subculture | Cultural subgroup; they are considered the opposite from the mainstream group because of their unique trend |
| Achieved status | Earned through skill or hard work |
| Gender | How you are expected to behave as female/male |
| Sex | The biological and physical differences between males and females |
| Ann Oakley | Feminist sociologist |
| Manipulation | Encouraged behaviour by parents that is supposedly seen as normal for the child's sex and discourage any behaviour associated with other sex |
| Canalisation | Toys and activities given by parents that is only appropriate for the children's sex |
| Ascribed status | Fixed at birth (e.g. The Queen) |
| Verbal appellations | Ways in which we talk to children which tell them at an early age how important gender is (e.g. good girl) |
| Culture | The whole way of life in a particular society |
| Different activities | Boys and girls are encouraged to get involved in different activities (e.g girls help their mother indoors, whereas boys have the freedom to go outside) |
| Ethnic group | A group with shared culture based on a sense of of common origin |
| Multicultural society | The co-existence of two or more ethnic groups within one society |
| Chronological age | Age determined by how long the lived |
| Social Terms (age)/Sociological age | People will be treated differently and be associated with different expectations according to their age |
| Biological terms (age)/Biological age | Age can be related to physical changes of the body |
| Hybrid identities | Ethnic cultures can change overtime. When people combine different ethnic styles they create hybrid (mixed) lifestyles and identities |
| Migration | The process of moving to one country to another |
| Socially construction | Socially formed or created |
| Delinquent | Showing or characterised by a tendency to commit crime |
| Feral children | Children that is not brought up by humans |
| Agents of socialisation | The individuals, groups and institutions which play a part in the socialisation process |
| Socialisation | The process through which we learn our behaviour, culture, norms and values |
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