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| Question | Answer |
| What was Spontaneous Generation? | The idea that decay caused germs to spontaneously appear |
| Who was Louis Pasteur? | Investigated the beer industry - found bacteria caused the beer to go sour led to Pasteurisation Looked at silk worms - linked disease to bacteria Developed the Germ Theory |
| When was the Germ Theory | Louis Pasteur first published his Germ Theory in 1861 |
| Pasteur was interested in sheep. Discuss. | Injected 50 with weakened anthrax and left 50 alone. Injected all 100 with full strength Anthrax. The 50 vaccinated sheep died. |
| Pasteur also experimented on Chickens. Why? | His lab assistant left out a dish of Chicken Cholera. Went on holiday. It was exposed to air, killed the live bacteria, when injected into chickens they were fine. Then gave them full strength Cholera. They were fine. |
| How did Robert Koch develop Louis Pasteur's Germ Theory? | Stained bacteria Identifies bacteria causing TB and Cholera Grow cultures using potatoes and agar jelly Pioneered team investigations |
| What were the problems of surgery in 1800? | Bleeding Pain Infection |
| Who was Joseph Lister? | Carbolic Spray Carbolic Acid Sterilisation of tools Reducing the death rate |
| Why did people oppose the use of Carbolic Spray? | Cracked hands Smelt strongly Got everywhere Lister was cold and aloof Kept changing his methods |
| What is aseptic surgery? | Totally clean environment |
| When did James Simpson discover chloroform? | 1847 |
| What was used for anaesthetic before the 1840s? | Laughing Gas (Humphrey Davy discovered this by accident) Ether used by Horace Wells to extract teeth WIlliam Morton found that Ether was a long lasting anaesthetic Robert Liston used ether to amputate a leg Opium |
| What decade did Joseph Lister develop his theories? | 1870s |
| Why did people oppose chloroform? | Surgeons liked to hear their patients scream Using it in childbirth was unnatural Hannah Greener died in 1848 after having a toenail removed Didn't know the dosage new and not fully understood |
| What was the Black Period of Surgery? | While a patient was asleep doctors could go further into the body/have a rummage around. This led to infections increasing and the death rate increased |
| What was nursing like before 1800? | nurses were often drunk they were untrained low paid long hours poor care hospitals filthy |
| Florence Nightingale | went to the Crimea and created a clean hospital in Scutari Pioneered modern nursing - trained nurses, hygienic conditions, sets up nursing school, nursing books |
| Mary Seacole | Jamaican Mum was a healer Set up the British Hotel in the Crimea provided medical care and rest Nursed on the battlefield treated both British and Russians |
| Why were blood transfusions unsuccessful before 1900? | Identification of blood groups |
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