534601
Description
Flashcards by lynda_ashford_25, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lynda_ashford_25
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Altruism | A special form of helping behaviour, sometimes costly, that shows concern for fellow human beings and is performed without expectation of personal gain |
| Bystander-Calculus Model | In attending to an emergency, the bystander calculates the perceived costs and benefits of proving help compared with those associated with not helping |
| Bystander Effect | People are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others than when alone. The greater the number, the less likely it is that anyone will help |
| Bystander Intervention | This occurs when an individual breaks out of the role of a bystander and helps another person in an emergency |
| Diffusion of Responsibility | Tendency of an individual to assume that others will take responsibility (as a result, no one does). This is a hypothesized cause of the bystander effect |
| Emergency Situation | Often involves an unusual event, can vary in nature, is unplanned, and requires a quick response |
| Empathetic Concern | An element of Batson's theory of helping behaviour. In contrast to personal distress (which may lead us to flee from the situation), it includes feelings of warmth, being soft-hearted, and having compassion for a person in need |
| Empathy | Ability to feel another persons experiences; identifying with and experiencing another person's emotions, thoughts and attitudes |
| Empathy Costs of Not Helping | Piliavin's view that failing to help can cause distress to a bystander who empathises with a victim's plight |
| Fear of Social Blunders | The dread of acting inappropriately or of making a foolish mistake witnessed by others. The desire to avoid ridicule inhibits effect responses to an emergency by members of a group |
| Helping Behaviour | Acts that intentionally benefit someone else |
| Just-World Hypothesis | According to Lerner, people need to believe that the world is a just place where they get what they deserve. As evidence of undeserved suffering undermines this belief, people may conclude that victims deserve their fate |
| Learning by Vicarious Experience | Acquiring a behaviour after observing that another person was rewarded for it |
| Nature-Nurture Controversy | Classic debate about whether genetic or environmental factors determine human behaviour. Scientists generally accept that it is an interaction of both |
| Personal Costs of Not Helping | Piliavin's view that not helping a victim in distress can be costly to a bystander (e.g. experiencing blame) |
| Prior Commitment | An individual's agreement in advance to be responsible if trouble occurs |
| Prosocial Behaviour | Acts that are positively valued by society |
| Social Learning Theory | The view championed by Bandura that human social behaviour is not innate but learned from appropriate models |
| Social Responsibility Norm | The idea that we should help people who are depending and in need. It is contradicted by another norm that discourages interfering in other people's lives |
| Social Support Network | People who know and care about us and who can provide backup during a time of stress |
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