5392865
Description
Flashcards by Obri Gonzalez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Obri Gonzalez
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Psychodynamic Strength Considers: Nature & Nurture | Takes into account influence of both E.g: Freud adult personality innate drives(nature) Id, Ego, Superego & childhood experiences(nurture) Psychosexual stages. Freud considers influence of things we are born & develop through experience. |
| Psychodynamic Strength Successful Therapeutic Application | Freud's theory had major impact on understanding the link between childhood development & adult behaviour. 1st person recognise psychological factors such as childhood trauma used to explain disorders, i.e depression. |
| Psychodynamic Weaknesses Freud's theory Determinist | Freud saw infant behaviour as determined by innate drives & adult behaviour being determined by childhood experiences. |
| Psychodynamic Weaknesses Non-Scientific | Cannot be studied scientifically because unconscious NOT observable. E.g: homosexual tendencies repressed cannot be disproved. As good theory is one that can be falsified (tested to see if wrong) |
| Biological Strength Scientific Approach | Scientific research can be used to support biological explanations of behaviour. Psychosurgery therapy involves removing part of brain. E.g: Raine et al. Used PET scans Have variables can measure, i.e different areas of brain. Objective, controlled research. |
| Biological Strength Successful Therapeutic Application | E.g: Effectiveness capsulotomy for OCD recovery rate 67%. Drug treatments are popular as have been successful in treating psychotic disorders, depression. Strength as approach has led many forms of treatments & helped people live normal lives 'out' of hospital. |
| Biological Weakness Reductionist Approach | Reduces complex behaviours to set of simple explanations. E.g: Depression=low levels of Serotonin As reducing behaviour to simple explanations may prevent reaching true understanding of behaviour. |
| Biological True cause of Depression? | Depression=repressed memories & unresolved conflicts from childhood experiences or maladaptive learning. Antidepressants increase level serotonin relieving symptoms-NOT solving underlying problem. |
| Biological Weaknesses Ignoring Individual Differences | Assumes everyone's biological systems behave same way. Only conducted research on males. Men respond to stress="fight/flight" Female respond to stress="tend/befriend Producing untrue picture of behaviour. |
| Cognitive Strength Research is Scientific | Demonstrates CAUSE & EFFECT E.g: Loftus & Palmer research major impact on understanding link between leading questions & inaccurate EWT. Led development of "Cognitive Interview" by avoiding leading questions & maintain accuracy EWT. |
| Cognitive Strength Successful Therapeutic Application | E.g: Successful treatments for mental disorders (anxiety, depression). REBT aims to change irrational thoughts caused by emotional distress into thoughts that are more reasonable & rational. Ellis 90% success rate. REBT=27 sessions |
| Cognitive Weakness Lab Experiments are Artificial | Lab experiment artificial. Behaviour different in real world. E.g: Loftus & Palmer examined effect leading Q's had on memory. Experiment lacked mundane realism & result in low ecological validity. E-W viewing real car accident have much greater motivation to memorise event. |
| Cognitive Weakness Reductionist Approach | E.g: cognitive approach suggests depression is the result of faulty processing & irrational thoughts. Doesn't take into account medical history as may have biological explanations for behaviour. E.g: lack serotonin=depression. |
| Behaviourist Strength Research is Scientific | Only focuses on behaviour that can be observed & objectively measured E.g: Bandura's observational learning of aggression. Demonstrates children observe & imitate aggressive behaviour of role models. Looks @ cause & effect in relationship to I.V & D.V. |
| Behaviourist Strength Successful Therapeutic Application | E.g: Demo phobias are learnt through classical & operant conditioning & observational learning. SD (class cond.) success rate in treatment of phobias 80%-90% of patient As patient can be reconditioned & replaced w/ new learnt adaptive behaviours. 25-30 sessions. |
| Behaviourist Weakness Lab Experiment are Artificial | E.g: findings generated in Lab cannot be generalised to aggression in real world. Imitating in Lab is different in real-life. Bandura's research=children responded aggressive because they believed they were invited to hit the Bobo doll. Lacking ecological validity. |
| Behaviourist Weakness Reductionist Approach | E.g: Suggests depression is the result of maladaptive learning of helplessness or loss of reinforcement. Medical influences, cognitive & cultural influences affect persons behaviour. Simplified explanation prevent reaching true understanding of cause of depression. |
| Positive Strength Free Will Approach | Not argue behaviour is determined but instead we have Free Will. E.g: Individuals are neither predetermined/restricted. Psychologists recognise humans are self-regulating & NOT victims of their past=have personal freedom to grow & develop Authentic Strengths & Virtues |
| Positive Strength Shift in Focus for Psychology | Moved focus away from explaining & treating mental disorders = NOW focusing on our Authentic Strengths to experience greater life contentment. Celebrating the good things in life instead of magnifying the worse. Raising awareness of Happiness |
| Positive Weakness Ignores Individual & Cultural Differences | By proposing a one size fits all philosophy. E.g: approach ethnocentric based on western ideals of individual autonomy & fulfilment. USA culture preoccupied w/ idea of positive thoughts, attitudes & emotions for Good Life. Negative emotions something to be avoided or controlled. |
| Are positive qualities beneficial to be universally developed? | This is a danger for "Defensive Pessimists" as they deal w/ anxiety by thinking of everything that could go wrong. Processing realistic possibilities they work harder to avoid anticipated pitfalls. Forcing optimism/positive mood on Anxious Defensive Pessimists can change performance. |
| Positive Weakness Can Happiness be measured? | E.g: defining happiness proven challenging as individuals will have different ideas of what happiness means to them. Subjective as 2 people could be referring to different states of mind. PROBLEM: measuring happiness & developing "Scientific" measures for SWB. |
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