5451146
Description
Flashcards by Monica Gonzalez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Monica Gonzalez
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the normal range of potassium (K+) in the blood? | Normal K+ = 3.5 - 5.0 < 3.5 = hypokalemia > 5.0 = hyperkalemia |
| Name some antiplatelet medications? | ASA, Ticlid, Plavix Remember Heperin is NOT an antiplatelet |
| If a patient has a high creatinine, what should you consider? | Use as small amount of contrast as possible Pre-procedure fluid hydration |
| How does heparin prevent clot formation? | Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin Heparin combines to make it more effective |
| What is the action of Reopro (Abcixmab) | Reopro inhibits IIb/IIIa receptors |
| INR measures the levels of which drug? | Coumadin (Warfarin) |
| Lovenox impacts what? | Antithrombin and Factor Xa |
| What is the medication of choice for SVT? | Adenosine |
| What short acting benzodiazepine is commonly used in the cath lab for sedation? | Versed (Midazolam) |
| What is a quick and easy way to check a patients clotting time after being given heparin? | ACT |
| How do Ticlid & Plavix act? | They turn off receptor sites on the platelets (super aspirin) |
| If a patient is on NPH Insulin, what medication should not be given? | Protamine |
| What does ASA (aspirin) do? | ASA prevents platelet adhesion |
| TPA acts by? | Dissolving fibrin Activates plasminogen |
| What labs look at kidney function? | BUN and Creatinine GFR Creatinine clearance |
| The most accurate measure of cardiac muscle fiber damage after an MI is what? | Troponin |
| Which lab value does not evaluate the extent of an MI? SGOT Serum Creatinine CK-MB LDH | Serum Creatinine |
| Post procedure renal dysfunction is more likely to occur in patients with? | Diabetes Pre-procedure dysfunction Frequent use of NSAID Ace Inhibitors |
| What is a pseudoaneurysm? | Pseudoaneurysm is a false aneurysm Often a pulsatile mass near the sheath site with a bruit present |
| If the transducer is positioned to low at the side of the table, the pt.'s pressure will read? | The pressure will read as falsely high |
| If you are checking the radial/ulner pulse when you press and release one at a time is called what kind of test? | Allen's test Allens test is always preformed prior to using the radial approach for a procedure. |
| What is the best way to calculate a patients pulse rate? | Check pulse for one minute |
| If the patients IV site is infiltrated, what should you do? | Turn it off |
| Metabolic Acidosis has a low level of what? | Bicarb (HCO3) |
| A pH less than 7.35 or greater than 7.45 is called what? | Uncompensated |
| What would be the appropriate intervention for a patient with Respiratory Acidosis? | Increase Ventilations |
| The primary drive to breathe comes for the patients? | CO2 level |
| Hyperventilating a patient prior to suctioning is done to? | Increase arterial PO2 |
| Interpret the following blood gas PH = 7.25 CO2 = 60 HCO = 22 | Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis |
| A high CO2 will impact the pH how? | It will lower the pH |
| What type of intervention is best used for a calcified lesion? | Rotorblador (Calcified, key word) |
| What type of ballon is best used on a calcified lesion? | Cutting balloon |
| The symptoms of increased heart rate, decreased BP, and SOB during a biopsy, indicates what? | Cardiac Perfusion |
| What diagnostic catheter is best utilized for visualizing the LAD when the patient has a dilated aortic root? | JL5 |
| 2.66mm diameter is what size catheter? | 8FR |
| What device uses saline to dissolve and suction thrombus during and acute MI? | Angiojet |
| During a Rotoblador intervention, what is the most common cause of "no flow"? | Distal embolization |
| Where does the needle enter for a pericardialcentesis? | Sub-xyphoid process |
| What is a possible complication of over tightening the toughy? | Unable to inflate the balloon |
| If a patient has a heart rate of 150, assist on the IABP should be set at what ? | 1:2 |
| What is the best balloon to use on an artery that has a tendency to close? | A perfusion balloon |
| Jugular Vein distention can be caused by? | RV Infarct Pulmonary hypertention Tricuspid regurgitate |
| Shortness of breath indicates right or left sided heart failure? | Left-sided heart failure |
| Ventricular arrhythmia are most common during the injection of which coronary artery? | RCA |
| Osmolality refers to the ability of the contrast to? | Pull fluid into the intravascular space |
| The ideal contrast volume to be given to the patient is? | 3ml/kg |
| Synchronous (demand) pacemakers have what unique ability? | They sense the hearts intrinsic activity and pace only when needed |
| In order, the first three letters of the pacemakers code mean what? | 1- chamber paced 2- chamber sensed 3- chamber triggered |
| The purpose of Biventricular pacemakers is to? | To synchronize the contraction of both ventricles |
| The purpose of ICD's is to? | Monitor bradycardia, tachycardia, VT, and V-fib and convert if necessary |
| In the terms in RAO and LAO, the L and R refer to what? | The position of the image intensifier |
| What is the best view to see the LAD and Circ bifurcation? | Spider view |
| On an EKG, what shows a "true" posterior Infarct? | V7 - V9, V1 and V2 |
| What catheter does an Internal Mammary catheter resemble? | JR4 |
| If the pt has a dilated aortic root, which catheter might you need to cannulate the right coronary system? | JR5 |
| In a routine PTCA, what might be some complications caused by the handling of the wire? | Arterial dissection or perforation |
| What does RAD stand for? | Radiation absorbed dose |
| The most important factor in decreasing XRAY exposure to a patient is to? | To decrease time of exposure |
| What is the max dose of radiation a worker can receive in a year? | 5 REM |
| What converts the XRAY to light rays? | Image intensifier |
| What is the best choice of catheter to use on a LCA with a high take off? | Amplatz |
| To view pulmonary stenosis, where do you inject the contrast? | Right ventricle |
| Pulimonic stenosis in generally associated with what? | Congenital anomalies |
| What is the normal PR interval? If the PR interval is .25, where is the delay? | Normal PR interval .12 -.20 PR interval > .20, the conduction delay occurs in the AV node |
| What is the normal amount of blood in the pericardium? | 50cc |
| When are the coronary arteries perfused? | During Ventricular Diastole |
| In what condition do you get the equalization of LVEDP and RVEDP? | Constrictive pericarditis |
| Where is the most common renal stenosis located? | Ostial |
| Greatest % of peripheral stenosis occurs where? | Lower extremities |
| What will cause failure to capture of pacemaker in the RV? | Lead dislodgement |
| You have a 50 year old admitted to the cath lab, HR 200, BP 90/50, what would you do? | Synchronized cardioversion |
| Vascular resistance is most greatly influenced by? | The radius of the tube (vessel) |
| What is ACLS protocol for monophasic defibrillation? | 200 - 300 - 360 |
| How do you test a defibrillator? | Discharging paddles into the dummy load |
| If there valve has regurgitation, which CO should you use? | Fick |
| What does the c wave represent? | Onset of ventricular contraction |
| Where do you measure thermal dilution cardiac outputs? | Inject in the RA and read in the PA |
| What are the 4 anomalies associated with Tetrology of Fallot? | Pulmonic stenosis VSD RV hypertrophy Overriding aorta |
| Which valve has the smallest valve area? | Aortic |
| A PDA (patent ductus arteriousus) most likely causes? | Increased pulmonary blood flow, possibly pulmonary edema |
| What is a sign of right sided heart failure? | Jugular vein distention |
| What is the purpose of the IABP? | Increase coronary artery perfusion Decrease afterload |
| Mean Arterial Blood Pressure | (Systolic + 2xDiastolic) /3 EX: Systolic 110 Diastolic 60 110 - 2 (60) /3 76.6 |
| Pulse Pressure | AO systolic - AO diastolic EX: BP = 120/80 120-80 40mmHg |
| Normal O2 Consumption | Adult - 250 ml/min Child - 150 ml/min |
| FICK Cardiac Output | O2 consumption (ml/min) / (AVO2 difference) x 10 O2 consumption - 250ml/min AO sat 95% PA sat 68% Factor 1.34 Hgb 13.7 250/ (17.4 - 12.5) x10 5.1 L/min |
| Stoke Volume (SV) | End Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End Systolic Volume (EDS) EX: EDV = 130ml ESV = 70ml 130 - 70 60ml |
| Ejection Fraction | Stroke Volume / End Diastolic Volume EX: EDV = 130 EDS = 70 130-70 / 130 .46 or 46% |
| Cardiac Output L/min Angiographic (LVMF) | HR X SV /1000 EX: HR = 66 bpm SV = 80 66 x 80 / 1000 5.3 L/min |
| Cardiac Index | Cardiac Output / BSA |
| Cardiac Index L/min/m2 | CO / BSA Ex: CO = 5.1 BSA = 1.4 5.1 / 1.4 3.6L/min/m2 |
| Regurgitant Fraction | SV angiographic - SV thermo/fick / SV angiographic Ex: SV angiographic = 50 SV thermo = 20 50 -20 / 50 .60 or 60% |
| Categories of Regurgitant Fraction | RF < 40% mild RF 40% - 60% moderate RF > 60% severe |
| How is Systolic Ejection Period (SEP) measured? | The amount of time the aortic valve is open. It is found between the beginning of arterial systole and the dicrotic notch (The black area indicates the SEP) |
| Aortic Valve Flow | Cardiac Output (ml/min) / Systolic Ejection Period (SEP in sec/min) CO = 5.1L/min SEP = .25 sec/beat HR = 70bpm CO is converted from 5.1L/min to 5100 ml/min. SEP x HR = .25 x 70 (converts sec per beat to sec per min) Take CO/SEP 5100/17.5 = 291.42ml/sec |
| What are Gorlin's constant used to analyze mitral and aortic valve areas? | Mitral 37.7 Aortic 44.5 |
| Aortic Valve Area | Aortic Valve Flow / 44.5 x sq. root of mean AO valve gradient Ex: Mean gradient = 49mmHg HR = 60bpm SEP = .35 sec/beat CO = 5.1 L/min 5100 /(.35)(60) /44.5 x sq. root of 49 .78cm2 |
| Diastolic Filling Period (dfp) | The amount of time the mitral valve is open. (The black area indicates the dfp) |
| Mitral Valve Flow | CO ml/min / dfp (sec/min) EX: HR = 70 dfp = .40 sec/beat CO = 5.1 L/min 5100 / .40 x 70 182.14 ml/sec |
| Mitral Valve Area (MVA) | Mitral Valve Flow / 37.7 x sq. root of the mean mitral valve gradient Ex: CO = 5.1 Mean gradient = 16mmHg HR = 70bpm dfp = .40sec/beat 5.1 (1000)/(.40)(70) / 37.7 x sq. root of 16 182.14/150.8 1.2cm2 |
| Hakki formula | CO (L/min) / sq. root of the Peak to Peak pressure gradient Ex: 5.1 AO = 120/80 LV = 180/0/28 5.1 / sq. root of 60 .71 cm2 |
| Peak to Peak Gradient | LV Systolic - AO Systolic Ex: LV 180/0/18 AO 130/70 180-130 50mmHg gradient |
| When calculating a L to R shunt occurring in the RA, what formula should be used for mixed venous saturation? | Flamm's Equation 3 SVC + 1 IVC / 4 |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) | (mean AO) - (mean RA) / CO Ex: AO = 120/80/93 RA = 8/2/5 CO = 5.1L/min 93-5/5.1 17.3 HRU's = 17.3 x 80 =1384 dynes/sec/cm-5 |
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) | (mean PA) - (mean PCW) / CO PA = 25/10/15 PCW = 9/6/6 CO = 6.8 (15-6) / 6.8 1.3 ARU's x 80 = 104 dynes/sec/cm-5 |
| Normal Absolute Resistance Units (ARU's) for SVR and PVR | SVR = 1130 +_ 178 dynes/sec/cm-5 PVR = 67 +_23 dynes/sec/cm-5 |
| Conversion of HRU's (Hybrid Resistance Units) to ARU's (Absolute Resistance Units) HRU's are also called Wood Units | SVR = HRU's x 80 SVR = 14.13 SVR = 14.13 x 80 SVR = 1130 ARU's PVR = HRU's x 80 PVR = .84 PVR = .84 x 80 PVR = 67 ARU's |
| Increase bicarbonate will do what to the pH? | Elevated HCO3 will increase the pH |
| What is the most common form of cardiac tumor? | Atrial Myxoma located in the left atrium |
| The innermost layer of an artery is what? | The intima |
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