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Description
Flashcards by shabannahickman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shabannahickman
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the cross profile of a river's lower course? | Lower course: it is very wide, almost flat valley and deep channel |
| What does a river's long profile show? | The long profile of a river shows you how the gradient changes over the different courses |
| Name the river course where vertical erosion is dominant? | It is dominant in the upper course of the river |
| What is the difference between abrasion and attrition? | Abrasion: Eroded rocks picked up by the river scrape and rub against the channel. Attrition: Eroded rocks picked up by the river smash into each other and break into smaller fragments. |
| Name two processes of Transportation? | Traction and Saltation |
| When does Deposition occur? | It happens when a river slows down. |
| Where is the current fastest at a Meander? | It is faster on the outside bend. |
| Where do waterfalls form? | High force waterfalls on the River Tees |
| How is a gorge formed? | When the waterfall retreats it will leave behind a steep-sided gorge. |
| What is a Flood Plain? | This is the wider valley floor on either side of a river which occasionally gets flooded. |
| Describe how Levees are formed? | During a flood, eroded material is deposited over the whole flood plain. The heaviest material is deposited closest to the river channel, because it gets dropped first when the river slows down. |
| What is River Discharge? | River Discharge is simply the volume of water that flows in a river per second. |
| How does impermeable rock affect river discharge? | When lots of rain and short, heavy periods of rainfall means there's more runoff. lag time is decreased, so discharge increases. |
| Describe 2 physical factors that can cause floods? | Heavy rainfall: heavy rainfall means there's a lot of runoff. This increases discharge quickly, which can cause a flood. Snow Melt: When a lot of snow or ice melts it means that a lot of water goes into a river in a short space of time. |
| Describe one human factor that can can cause floods? | Deforestation: Trees intercept rainwater on their leaves, which then evaporates. Trees also take up water from the ground and store it. |
| Define Hard Engineering? | Man - made structures built to control the flow of rivers and reduce flooding |
| Define Soft Engineering? | Schemes set up using knowledge of a river and it's processes to reduce the effects of flooding. |
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