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Description
Flashcards by Deanna Stannard, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Deanna Stannard
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the role of enzymes? | The role of enzymes is to speed up chemical reactions within the body. Without enzymes, chemical reactions would not occur at a fast enough rate |
| Chemicals that act together with enzymes are called what? | Co-enzymes |
| pH is a way of describing what? | The acidity of a substance |
| Why is the maintenance of a constant internal environment important for optimal metabolic efficiency? | The maintenance of a constant internal environment is important as at any values below or above optimum conditions, enzyme activity and therefor the rate of metabolic reactions will decrease and in extreme conditions, denature |
| Define homeostasis | Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant and relatively stable internal environment |
| What are the two stages of homeostasis? | 1- Detecting changes from the stable state 2- Counteracting changes from the stable state |
| What is a feedback mechanism? | When the response alters the stimulus |
| What is a positive feedback mechanism and what is a negative feedback mechanism? | Positive feedback mechanism: When the response increases the effect of the stimulus Negative feedback mechanism: When the response decreases the effect of the stimulus |
| What are behavioural adaptations that humans use to respond to hot conditions? | - Vasodilation (Increase blood flow through vessel) - Sweat glands release sweat (Water in sweat evaporates, taking heat from the body) - Hair on skin lies flat (Air flows close to the skin removing heat by convection currents) |
| What are behavioural adaptations that human use to respond to cold conditions? | - Vasoconstriction (Keeps blood in the inner core rather than near the skins surface, reducing heat loss) - Shivering - Hairs on skin stand up (Air is trapped between hairs) |
| What is an ectotherm? Name 5 ectotherm organisms. | An ectotherm is an organism who's internal body temperatures rely on ambient temperature. Their internal body temperatures increase and decrease with ambient temperature changes. (Fish, inter vertebrates, plants, amphibians, reptiles) |
| What is an endotherm? Name 2 endotherm organisms. | An endotherm is an organism who can maintain its internal environments. Endotherms generate heat from their bodies metabolism. (Mammals, Birds) |
| What are Australian organism examples of an ectotherm and an endotherm | Ectotherm- Blue Tongue Lizard Endotherm- Red Kangaroo |
| What are adaptations/responses that the ectotherm organism, Blue Tongue Lizard, uses to cope with an increase and decrease in external environment temperatures? | Blue Tongue Lizard: Too Hot- Seeks shelter, rises its body Too Cold- Uncurls its tail, basks in sun |
| What are adaptations/responses that the endotherm organism, Red Kangaroo, uses to cope with an increase and decrease in external environment temperatures? | Red Kangaroo: Too Hot- Seeks shelter, Licks paws, Vasodilation Too Cold- Hops more, Basks in sun, Vasoconstriction, Hairs stand up |
| What are 6 responses of plants to temperature changes? | 1- Transpiration 2- Leaves hanging vertically 3- Shiny leaves 4- Die back 5- Seed dispersal 6- Thick waxy cuticle |
| List 3 Australian plants and there adaptations to temperature changes | 1- Banksia: Under sided leaf is white, Thick waxy cutical 2- Casuarina: Thin leaves 3- Eucalyptus: Leaves hang vertically, Thick waxy cutical |
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