606510
Description
Flashcards by SenorMonito, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by SenorMonito
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What type of fungal disease is also known as Perenospera? | Downy Mildew |
| What are the 3 non-systemic diseases? | Downy Mildew Powdery Mildew Grey rot |
| What is the difference between Noble & Grey rot? | Noble rot occurs when grape is already ripe |
| What is proper term for Noble Rot? | Botrytis Cinerea |
| At what temperature does bud break occur? | 10 degs C |
| What is Coulure? | It is when less flowers are pollinated than normal i.e. the grape crop will be less |
| What is the the term of the combination of the natural factors making a vineyard? | Terroir |
| What is the term for grapes ripening ?(colour turning) | Véraison |
| What is diurnal temperature range? | Difference between night and day temperatures |
| When will a newly planted or grafted vine expect to produce its first crop of usable grapes? | 3 years |
| What type of climate has high rainfall and mild temperatures overall? | Maritime |
| What term is often used to refer to the climate of a single section or row of a vineyard? | Microclimate |
| What is the term for abnormal fruit set, sometimes caused by bad weather, resulting in many small, seedless berries in the bunches of grapes | Millerandage |
| What is IPM? | Integrated Pest Management |
| What unit of value is used to measure potential alcohol in a vat of grape must in France? | Baume |
| What areas (degrees) of latitude are ideal for viticulture? | 30-50 degrees |
| What is the term used for the type of vine training system where no trellis is used? | Gobelet (bush training) |
| What is the proper term for the trunk and the major root system of a grapevine? | Rootstock |
| What is the name of a spur-pruned vine system where the branches from each vine are trained along a wire? | Cordon |
| What term is often used to refer to the weather conditions of an overall region? | Climate or Macroclimate |
| What are the two types of winter pruning? | Replacement Cane pruning Spur pruning |
| What is the term used for the preferred method of grape propagation that involves cutting off a small piece of a young vine and allowing it to grow roots? | Cloning |
| What is the name of the root-eating louse that attacks vines? | Phylloxera |
| Who is Rudolf Steiner? | Developer of Biodynamics |
| What is the name of the process where sunlight is used by the vine to create sugar? | Photosynthesis |
| What is the process of Photosynthesis? |
Image:
PhotoSynthesis (image/png)
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| What is the term for the transition from flower to berry? | Fruit set |
| What is VSP? | Vertical Shoot Positioning |
| What is the name of the vine training system where vine are trained up a tall support and the fruit is allowed to hang down? | Pergola |
| In general, how much water do grapevines require annually? | 50-75cm |
| At what age does a grapevine start to decline in vigor? | 20 years |
| What fungal vine disease is also known as oidium? | Powdery Mildew |
| What is the name used for a simple cane-pruned system where one cane from each vine is trained along a wire, all in the same direction? | Guyot (or Replacement Cane Pruning) |
| What is the ideal weather during the flowering of the vine? | 15 deg C, plenty of sunlight no/little rain |
| What is the term used for the increased direct sunlight that a vineyard on a hillside facing the sun enjoys? | The Aspect (facing equator) |
| How many years after planting or grafting will a grapevine develop to a point where it is producing optimum quality fruit? | 6 years |
| What is the term used for a vine's branches, while they are young and thin? | Canes (or spurs depending on number of shoots) |
| What is the difference between a cane and a spur? | Cane = 8-15 buds Spur = 2-3 buds (Both are one year old wood) |
| What is the term used for the type of grape propagation where an unrooted cutting is inserted into the trunk of an existing vine? | Field grafting |
| What type of climate is found in areas far away from oceans, and experiences overall cold winters and hot summers? | Continental |
| What is the process of Respiration? |
Image:
Respiration (image/png)
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| What are Nemotodes? | They are worms that attack vine roots |
| How do nemtoodes cause damage? | They reduce yields, make the vine more suseptible to stress and transmit virus? |
| What type of climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters? | Mediterranean |
| What are the synonyms for Tempranillo grape? | Ull de Llebre Cencibel Tinta Roriz Aragonez Tinto del Pais |
| To achieve optimal ripeness, how many hours of sunshine do grapes need (in general)? | 1,500 hours |
| How many mm of rain do vines need per year (in general)? | 700mm |
| What grape variety is commonly added to the Syrah-based wines of the Côte-Rôtie | Voignier |
| What can be added to grape must to reduce acidity? | Potassium Bicarbonate mix of Calcium corbonate & clacium tartrate-malate (this is more effective) |
| What is Remontage? | Also called "pumping over" it is the process of drawing wine from bottom of fermentation vat and pumping over the cap |
| What are advantages of "pumping over"? | Dissipates heat Oxygenates juice (good for yeast) Improves colour extraction |
| How often is remontage done? | twice a day |
| What is a hybrid grape variety? | A hybrid grape variety is the offspring of two separate grape species e.g. Vitus Vinifera & Vitis Lambrusca |
| Name main grape species | Vitis Vinifera Vitis Berlandieri Vitis Riparia Vitis rupestris Vitis Lambrusca |
| Why can't you grow other grape species other than Vitis Vinifera in EU? | 1. It is not allowed by law (can use them as rootstock though) 2. They tend to make poor quality wine |
| What technique is used to make rose champagne? | Blending (i.e. mixing red & white wine) |
| What are the four techniques for extraction during fermentation? | Pumping over (remontage) Punching down Rack & Return Rotary fermenters |
| What is Saignee? | Saignee is equivalent of bleeding whereby a portion of the juice is drawn off, but the rest left to ferment. i.e. rose is by-product of making a red wine |
| What are the three ways of making a rose wine? | Drawing off Saignee (bleeding) Blending |
| Does EU allow blending to make a rose wine? | No, unless it is to make rose champagne |
| Why does Saignee make lower quality rose wine? | Because rose is a by-product of making red wine and the grape used to make red aren't the best for making rose |
| What grape is used to make red win from Chinon? | Cabernet Franc |
| What are the four grapes allowed in Vendage Tardive? | Riesling Pinot Gris Muscat Gerwurtztraminer |
| What is "Sainte-Croix-du-Mont"A | A sweet white wine from Entre-Deux-Mers |
| Name four Chablis Grand-Cru | Les Clos Blanchot Grenouilles Bourgros |
| Name four grapes of Burgundy AC | Pinot Noir Chardonnay Gamay Aligote |
| Name the villages in Cote de Beaunes going from North to South | Aloxe-Corton Pommard Volnay Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet |
| Name the key Beaujolais Cru going from North to South | Saint Amour Julienas Chenas Moulin-a-vent Fleurie Chiroubles Morgon Regnie Brouilly Cote de Brouilly |
| Name the four key AC's in Cote Chalonnaise from N to S | Bouzeron Rully Mercurey Givry Montagny |
| Name the key AC's of the Mâconnais | Mâcon Mâcon-villages Pouilly-Fuissé Saint Véran Viré-Clessé |
| Name the key regions of Burgundy going from N-S | Côte de nuits Côte de Beaune Côte Chalonnaise Mâconnais Beaujolais |
| What are "Special Quality Wines" from Hungary | They are produced using Botrytis affected grapes |
| What grapes are used to make champagne? | Meurnier Pinot Noir Chardonnay |
| What grape is used to make Blanc de Blancs champagne | Chardonnay |
| What grapes are used to make Blanc de Noirs champagne | Meurnier Pinot Noir |
| How does Blanc de Blancs compare with Blanc de Noirs champagne? | Blanc de noirs has deeper golden colour and more intense flavour Blanc de blancs is more restrained and elegant |
| What is riddling? | Process to move lees sediment in champagne to the neck of the bottle at the end of the second fermentation |
| What is a "tinaja"? | A large clay vat traditionally used for storing wines in Spain |
| What does the term "Garrafeira" refer to? | A quality standard and aging requirement for Portugese wines. min 6 mths oak & 6mths bottle for white 2yrs cask & 1yr bottle for red |
| What grapes are used in the Duoro area? | Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca Tinta Barroca Tinta Roriz Tinta Cão |
| What are the three main grapes of the Valpolicella DOC? | Corvina = main one Rondinella Molinara |
| What is "Teroldego"? | A red grape variety grown in Trentino |
| What Italian region has the highest proportion of DOC production | Trentino-Alto Adige |
| What the key grape varieties of Terras do Sado? | Loureira Paderna |
| What are the permitted white grape varieties of Rioja? | Virua Malvasia Garnacha Blanca |
| What is "aspersion"? | A system of using an insulating coat of ice to protect young shoots from spring frost damage |
| What is the name of the traditional stone terracing in the Duoro? | Socalcos |
| What is the capacity of the traditional "pipe" used for storing port in port houses? | 550L |
| What does RM on a bottle of Champagne mean? | It is a grower's champagne |
| What does "Dégorgement Tardive" mean? | The wine was released very soon after disgorging |
| How can one increase acid in a grape must? | Add tartaric acid crystals (happens more often in new world wines) |
| What are synonyms for the Chasselas grape variety | Fendant Dorin Perlan |
| Name four villages in Saint-Emilion | Montagne Lussac Puissegin Saint-Georges |
| What factors make up "Terroir"? | Aspect Slope Climate Weather Grape Soil (sometimes just this) |
| What is Chlorosis? | Symptom linked to nutritional deficiency (particularly Iron). Leaves turn yellow due to lack of chlorophyll => reduced photosynthesis |
| What is best cure for Chlorosis? | Use rootstocks used to limestone soild (high levels of limestone are often the cause) |
| What is Charmat method? | It is where curvée is transferred to a tank for secondary fermentation and bottled under pressure |
| What is Phylloxera? | Disease caused by insects that infects roots that cut off flow of water and nutrients to vine. THERE IS NO CURE |
| What is Pierce's disease? | Caused by Glassy-winged Sharpshooters. Creates a gel in the vine vascular tissue. This inhibits water flow. Turns leaves yellow/brown and then drop off. Vine is dead in 1-5 years |
| What are 4 types of Tequila? | Blanco = unaged & white Joven/oro = unaged, but caramel added Resposado= ≤1yr in cask. Pale golden Añejo = rested ≥ 1yr in 600L bourbon barrels (new or old oak) |
| What is the difference between Mezcal & Tequila? | Mezcal is from anywhere in Mexico. Tequila is from the specific region |
| What percentage of fermentable sugars in Tequila must come from Blue Agave? | 51% |
| Why is tequila not aged more than 3 years? | Because hot temperatures mean that oak overwhelms Agave flavour |
| What does Flor yeast need to grow? | Oxygen Nutrients (glycerol & acids) Cool temperatures High humidity Alcohol levels between 14.5 & 16% |
| What does Flor yeast do in Sherry? | Reduces alcohol and sugar levels. Produces acetaldehydes. i.e fino sherries are bone dry and have distinct flavour |
| What does Flor do with glycerol? | Uses it to support growth |
| What is KWV? | It was the South African central Wine monopoly. Disbanded in 1997. |
| What are the ordering of geographical units in South Africa? (from largest to smallest) | Region, district, ward, estate |
| What are the ordering of German Geographical classification? | Anbaugebeit, Bereich, Grosslage (group of vineyards), Einzellage (single vineyard) |
| What are the three sub-regions of Rioja? | Rioja Alavesa (≤ 800m & 500mm rain, chalky soil) Rioja Alta (500-800m, 500mm rain, limestone soils) Rioja Baja (lower alt, 300mm rain => drought, heavy clay soils) |
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