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Description
Flashcards by Sam Barnes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Barnes
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the fuselage? | 1. The main body of an aeroplane which provides spave for the pilot and passengers, baggage/and or cargo. 2. It also contains the controlls and instruments needed 3. Comes in three types being Truss, Monocoque and Semi Monocoque |
| What defines a Truss Type Fuselage? | Rigid framework made up of members (Longerons & Struts) All internal members carry external stresses. Generally covered with fabric |
| What are the five stresses on airframe? | |
| What is a Flutter? | It's an unbalanced oscillation (vibration) due to the interaction of elastic and aerodynamic forces acting on any structure. |
| What defines the Monocoque Fuselage? | A single shell fuselage which relies on the skin or covering to carry the primary loads due to the absence of bracing members. The Members are the skin, former and bulkhead. |
| What defines a Semi-Monocoque? | This type of fuselage is a combination of Truss and Monocoque types - both skin and internal members carry the external loads. It's made up of Longerons, Skin, Bulkhead and Stringer. |
| What is a composite? | A broad term meaning (combination of two or more things) often used to describe materials such as fiberglass carbon fiber cloth, kelvar cloth and a mixture of these. |
| What are the five advantages of Composites? | 1. Generally lighter 2. Extremely smooth skin -> reducing drag 3. Lack of corrosion 4. Ability to easy form complex curved or 5. streamlined structures |
| What are two disadvantages of Composites ? | 1. Lack of visual proof of damage 2. Potential for heat damage - many epoxies begin to weaken over 65 degrees C |
| Name Wing attach points and wing dihedrals. | |
| What is the Ground-Loop Phenomenon? | A rapid rotation of a fixed-wing plane once during the landing. Mostly associated with tricycle landing gear. |
| Name the entire tail group (consisting of fixed and movable surfaces) | Empennage |
| What parts make up the Empennage? (Part 1) | -Horizontal Stabilizer -Vertical Stabilizer -Rudder -Trim Tabs -Elevator |
| List all parts of the Empennage (part 2) | |
| What parts make up "Flight Controls?" | Flight Controls includes the control surfaces cockpit controls and all the linkages between them. |
| Name all the control surfaces | Rudders, Elevators, Stabilizers, Aileron, Flaps, Tabs (slats for bigger) |
| What are the three main categories of aircraft engines? | Piston Turbo Jet |
| What are the three airplane movements? | Roll, Pitch, Yaw |
| What control surface is responsible for a Roll? | Aileron (Banks plane left-right) |
| What control surface is responsible for a Pitch move | Elevator & Horizontal Stabilator (UP-DOWN) |
| What control surface is responsible for a Yaw move | Rudder (turns body left-right but NOT direction) |
| If struggling to understand this movement watch the following video ... | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ddwm4_CaYE |
| Name the three Axes of rotation (three angles perpendicular (90 degrees) from one another) | Longitudinal Lateral Vertical |
| A Roll (Aileron) is on which axis of rotation? | Longitudinal |
| A Pitch (Elevator/Stabilator) is on which axis? | Lateral |
| A Yaw (Rudder) is on which axis? | Vertical |
| Name this undercarriage landing gear configuration. | Tail-dragger |
| Name this undercarriage landing gear configuration. | Tri-cycle |
| What is the function of the landing gear? | Supports and allows movement of the aeroplane on the ground |
| What are three reasons for why the tri-cycle landing gear is better than the tail-dragger? | 1. Allows more forceful application of the brakes without nosing over when braking at higher landing speeds 2. Better visability from the flight deck, especially during landing and ground manoeuvering 3. Prevents Ground Looping of the aircraft due to the centre of gravity being forward of the main gear instead of behind. |
| What are the two types of Flight Controls? | Primary Auxiliary |
| (Optional) Primary flight controls consist of ... | Rudder Elevator Aileron |
| (Optional) Auxiliary flight controls consist of ... | Flaps Trim Flaps Balance Tabs Anti-balance tabs Servo tabs spoilers Slats Slots Leading edge flap |
| Name this part of the aircraft | Powerplant |
| Name the three basic components of the Powerplant. | Engine Propeller Cowling |
| Slide 2 ~ Powerplant | Good job! |
| List all of the Turbo-prop engine components. | |
| What is the oxford definition of a Reciprocating Engine? | (Of a part of a machine) move backwards and forwards in a straight line |
| Basic Physic's Process - how does the engine create power? | Chemical energy -> Heat energy -> Mechanical energy -> = Useful force |
| List the five types of reciprocating engines. | 1. Inline 2. Inverted Inline 3. V-type 4. Radial 5. Horizontally opposed |
| Name the Reciprocating Engine Type: A smaller frontal area and is better adapted to streamlining but proper cooling is difficult with increase in engine size | Inline (Inverted) |
| Name the Reciprocating Engine Type: Two in-line banks generally set 60° apart | V-TYPE |
| Name the Reciprocating Engine Type: A row, or rows, of cylinders arranged radially about a central crankcase. Main advantage is the favourable power-to-weight ratio | Radial Engine |
| Name the Reciprocating Engine Type: Most popular type used on smaller aircraft. Main advantages include: high power-to-weight ratio and reduction in drag. | Horizontally opposed |
| List the two primary designs for reciprocating engine (ignition). | 1. Spark Ignition 2. Compression Ignition |
| What is a Four-stroke engine and how many pistons doesn't it require for a full cycle? | Four stroke engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning a crankshaft |
| What are the 4 PROS of a Four-stroke engine design? | |
| What are the two CONS of a Four-stroke engine design? | |
| What is a Two-stroke engine and how many pistons doesn't it require for a full cycle? | Two stroke engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes two separate strokes while turning a crankshaft |
| What are the 3 PROS of a TWO-stroke engine design? | |
| What are the 2 CONS of a two-stroke engine design? | |
| List all power-plant components labelled in this diagram | |
| What role do Cylinders play within a powerplant? | • Provide a combustion chamber where the burning and expansion of gases occur. • House the piston and the connecting rod |
| What role do Piston play within a powerplant? | • A cylindrical member that moves linearly • Acts as a moving wall within the combustion chambe |
| What role do Connecting rod play within a powerplant? | A link that transmits forces between the piston and the crankshaft. |
| What role do Crankshaft play within a powerplant? | • Transforms the reciprocating motion of the piston and connecting rod into rotary motion for rotation of the propeller. |
| What role do Camshaft play within a powerplay? | • The camshaft is connected to the crankshaft and it operates the opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust valves via the pushrod and the rocker arms • It rotates at ½ the crankshaft speed |
| What role do Pushrod play within a powerplant? | Transmits the lifting force to the rocker arm |
| What role do Valves play within a powerplant? | • The inlet/intake valve lets the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder • The exhaust valve lets exhaust gases out of the cylinder after the combustion process |
| In order, list the four processes in a four-stroke cycle. | 1. Intake 2. Compression 3. Power 4. Exhaust |
| How does the valve & piston behave for INTAKE? | 1. Exhaust vale closes 2. Intake vale opens 3. Direction of Piston travels AWAY from valve. |
| How does the valve & piston behave for Compression? | 1. Both Valves Close 2. Direction of Piston travels TO valve |
| How does the valve & piston behave for Power? | 1. Both vales close 2. Direction of piston travel AWAY from valve. |
| How does the valve & piston behave for Exhaust? | 1. Inlet valve close 2. Exhaust valve open 3. Direction of Piston travel TO vale. |
| Revise Question: In order, list the four steps to a Four-stroke cycle? | 1. Intake (intake valve open) 2. Compression (both valves close) 3. Power (both valves close) 4. Exhaust (exhaust valve open) |
| What is Carburation? | The process of vaporizing liquid fuel and mixing with air in specific proportions. |
| What is the purpose of the carburation system. | 1. To control the amount of air being drawn into the engine. 2. To dispense the correct quantity of fuel required. 3. To mix this fuel with the incoming air to ensure complete vaporisation. |
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