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| Question | Answer |
| What is a Rock? | It is a mixture of minerals and other materials, such as... <---- Volcanic Glass! And Organic matter. |
| Let's talk about mineral composition: List the THREE descriptors of mineral composition! | *Some Rocks only contain a single mineral *Some rocks contain many minerals *About 20 of the most common minerals form from rocks |
| Color: >>-------> | *Color gives clues to a rocks mineral composition *Light colored rocks are high in Silica *Dark colored rocks are low in silica |
| Texure: -Rocks are made up of particles of minerals or other rocks called grains. | *GRAIN SIZE: -Course grained rocks have grains that are easy to see -Fine grained rocks have grains so small, that you need a microscope to see them *GRAIN SHAPE -Can be large, small, rounded, or jagged *GRAIN PATTERN -Can be swirling, banded, or non-banded |
| ****Rocks are classified based on how they are formed! How are Igneous Rocks formed? | They are formed from the cooling of magma or lava. |
| How are Sedimentary rocks formed? | They are formed from particles of other rocks or Organic Matter(plan and animal remains) which are cemented together. |
| How are Metamorphic rocks formed? | They are formed when a rock is changes by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| List the TWO descriptors of Igneous rock! | *It is the most common rock type of Earth *The heat to melt rock comes from radioactive elements deep beneath Earth's surface |
| Origin: List the TWO types of Igneous rocks and describe them! | *Extrusive("exit") igneous rocks that form from lava cooling on Earth's surface *Intrusive("Inter/Inside") igneous rocks that form from the melting of magma deep beneath the Earth's surface |
| Texture: List the THREE descriptors of texture! | *depends on the size of the mineral crystals *rapidly cooling lava forms- SMALL crystals * slowly cooling MAGMA forms LARGE crystals |
| Texture(Continued) | *fine-grained igneous rocks have SMALL crystals(extrusive) *course-grained igneous rocks have LARGE crystals(intrusive) |
| Mineral Composition! : | *Light color-high in silica *Dark color-low in silica Fe + mg (Iron and Magnesium) |
| List the THREE most common uses for Igneous rocks! | *public buildings *paving *floors and kitchen counters |
| What is Pumica?! | *It is an abrasive- Sold in beauty stores |
| What is Obsidian?! | *It is used by Native Americans for sharp tools for cutting and scraping -Heating Obsidian forms Perlite which is mixed with soil for planting |
| Sedimentary rocks! | Form when sediments are pressed and cemented together, OR when minerals form from solution |
| What are is the series of processes that Sedimentary rock goes through, in order to form? | Weathering--->Erosion--->Deposition--->Compaction--->Cementation |
| Processes continued: | *Weathering- breaking down rocks into smaller pieces *Erosion- movement of the pieces of weathered rock to a new location(water, wind, glaciers, gravity) *Deposition- process by which sediment settles out of the water, wind, or ice carrying it *Compaction- the process by which sediments are pressed together by the weight of sediments above *Cementation- when dissolved minerals crystallize between sediment particles and hold them together like glue |
| So tell me, what exactly are Clastic Rocks!? | They are Sedimentary rocks made of the broken pieces of other rocks. Classified by size of particles: (Remember Shells, Sand, Conch, Shipwrecked-Boat ) //Shale-formed by clay-sized particles //Sandstone- formed from sand-sized particles //Conglomerate- made of large round pebbles //Breccia- made of large fragments with edges |
| What are Organic Rocks? | They are Sedimentary rocks formed when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers. Examples: //Bituminous Coal(soft)- formed from PLANTS //Limestone- formed from SHELLS(coquina, chalk) |
| Chemical Rocks: | They are Sedimentary rocks formed when minerals dissolved in solution crystallize Examples: Limestone- calcite Rock salt- halite Gypsum |
| List THREE uses of Sedimentary rock: | Building Material- (White House is made of sandstone) Limestone- (used to make cement and steel) Tools- (flint arrowheads) |
| **Rocks from Coral Reefs** : Coral animals??? | They are related to jellyfish(huge numbers of them live close together) -They produce skeletons made of calcite(extracted from sea water) -When they die, their skeletons remain, and usually more coral animals form on top of them |
| What are coral reefs REALLY made out of? | (organic) limestone |
| Where can ancient coral reefs be found on land today? hint: remember- Wilson . Illegally .In-dangered Two . National . Monuments! | -Wisconsin -Illinois -Indiana -Texas -New Mexico |
| The reefs show how the earth has changed: | Reefs form only in warm (tropical) climates! These rocks show that warm shallow seas covered large part of North America millions of years ago... |
| What is a Metamorphic rock? | It is a rock that has changed due to temperature and pressure increases *Can undergo changes in mineral content, appearance, texture, and crystal structure |
| What does heat and pressure do? | Heat and pressure deep inside the earth can change any rock into a Metamorphic rock!!! |
| Heat and Pressure: | -rocks deep beneath the earth's surface are exposed to high heat and pressure overlying rocks -hot fluids(mostly water from hot magma) can react chemically with rock to change its composition |
| Classification of Metamorphic rock By Texture 1: | -Foliated: Mineral grains flatted and line up in parallel layers Examples-- Parent Rock Metamorphic Rock shale----------------------slate granite---------------------gneiss slate/basalt/granite----------------------schist |
| Classification of Metamorphic rock By Texture 2: | Non(Un)Foliated- mineral grains change, grow, and rearrange, but they do NOT from layers Examples: Parent Rock Metamorphic Rock limestone-----------------------------marble sandstone-----------------quartzite bituminous coal(soft)-------anthracite coal(hard) |
| List the THREE uses of Metamorphic Rock | -Building Stone -Sculpture(Lincoln memorial is made of marble) -Slate used for flooring, roofing, outdoor walkways, chalkboards |
| What is the rock Cycle? | A continuous process showing how rocks slowly change into other types of rocks through time |
| Study the Rock Cycle and all of its secret passageways! |
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