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| Question | Answer |
| Endocytosis | Cell engulfs a large molecule and brings it into the cell in a vesicle. Endocytosis is active. |
| Excocytosis | A vesicle fusing with the cell membrane releasing its contents outside. Excocytosis is active. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration. Osmosis is passive. |
| Diffusion | Intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles. Diffusion is passive. |
| In cell: 95% Solutes, 65% Water Solution: 45% Solutes, 45% Water What direction will water move? | This is a hypertonic solution and water will move into the cell. |
| Monomer of Proteins | Amino Acids |
| Function of Proteins | 1. Transportation and Storage of Hemoglobin 2. Build Up and Maintain Body Tissues 3. Structure 4. Enzyme Production |
| Monomer of Carbohydrates | Monosaccaharides |
| Function of Carbohydrates | Energy and Structure |
| Monomer of Nucleic Acids | Nucleotides |
| Function of Nucleic Acids | Storage and Transportation of Genetic Material |
| Monomer of Lipids | Fatty Acids and Glycerol |
| Function of Lipids | Cushioning for Organs, Horomones, Cell Membrane, Energy Storage |
| Primary Component of Cell Membrane? | Phospolipids |
| Describe the two parts of this component. What is the chemical nature of each part? | There is a head and a tail to a phospolipid. The head of the phospolipid is hydrophilic, meaning that it loves water and the tails are hydrophobic meaning that they hate water. The phospholipids arrange themselves in a phospolipic bilayer so that the tails are away from the water but the head isn't. |
| What are the two other components of the cell membrane? | Cholesterol and Carbohydrates |
| Primary functions of the cell membrane? | 1. Protect the Cell 2. Control movement in and out of the cell |
| Define Semipermeable | Semipermeable- Allowing certain substances/ molecules to pass through, but not others |
| Define Selectivley Permeable | Requires transportation of certain molecules to get through. |
| What are the two different types of cells? How do scientists distinguish the difference between them? | The two different types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Scientists can distinguish the difference between the two in two ways: 1: The prokaryotic cell is exclusive to bacteria and the eukaryotic cell is exclusive to plants, animals, and fungi. 2: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, but the prokaryotic cells do not. |
| Four Major Organelle Types and their Function? | Nucleus- Contains genetic material Mitochondria: Produce energy currency of the cell and regulates cell metabolism. Ribosomes: Produce Proteins Chlorplasts: Convert light energy into sugars usable by the cell. |
| Two organelles almost exclusive to plant cells? | Chloroplast and Cell Wall |
| Organizational Levels of Life? | Cells---Tissues---Organs---Organ Systems |
| Molecules moving with the concentration gradient are moving from areas of... | High Concentration to Low Concentration |
| Passive transport moves molecules with the concentration gradient. Does it require energy to do this? | No |
| Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient. Does it require energy to do this? | Yes |
| In the Cell: 50% Solutes, 50% Water Outside the Cell: 50% Solutes, 50% Water What type of solution is this and what direction will the water move in? | This is an isotonic solution and there is no net movement because the amount of water in the cell and the solution is equal. |
| What can happen to cells in hypotonic solutions? What about cells in hypertonic solutions? | In hypotonic solutions, cells can shrivel up because they aren't getting enough of what they need. In a hypertonic solution, cells can burst due to too much. |
| What happens to a salt water fish's cells when it is placed in fresh water?( A salt- water fish's cells are about 70% h20 and 30% solutes. Freshwater is approximatley 98% h20 and 2% solutes.) | A salt water fish would have cells expanding and then eventually explode and the fish will eventually die because too much water is moving into the cell. |
| Define Homeostasis | Ability to maintain a constant internal environment in the body. |
| Define Feedback Loop | ( Negative ): Part of the system reduces output in the system. ( Positive ): The counterpart to negative feedback. |
| Define Stimulus | Stimulus: An input/ alteration to the variable |
| Define Receptor | Receptor: Senses change in the variable |
| Define Integrating Center | Compares against reference value |
| Define Effector | Effector: Make adjustments to the variable |
| Define Response | Response: Any behavior of a living organsim that results from an external or internal stimulus. |
| Identify the characteristics of life | C: Cells O: Organization R: Reproduce R: Reponse G: Grow E: Energy E: Environmental Adaptation Ability |
| Identify the charecteristics of something scientific. | C: Consistent O: Observable N: Natural P: Predictable T: Tentative T: Testable |
| Identify whether this is living or not. Viruses are organized proteins and nucleic acids. They invade cells and use the cells to help them reproduce. Once a new virus is assembled, it does not change size or contents. Viruses themselves do not use energy, but rather rely on their hosts to do the work for them. Viruses do not respond to a stimulus in the environment. | The virus is NOT living because they do not meet ALL the requirements to be considered living. It states that they do not use energy, they do not grow, and they do not have the ability to respond/ adapt to their environment. Remember, for something to be considered living, it must meet all of the 6 criteria. |
| Identify whether or not this situation is scientific. When the winds get very strong, Brandon observes that his mean, old neighbor is dancing and chanting in his living rooms. He concludes that he is using magic to bring on the dangerous winds. | This situation is NOT scientific because Brandon is trying to use a supernatural claim to prove the event. Science has no way to prove the supernatural, because we don't even have evidence on whether or not it exists. |
| Define Control | Control: Even when other aspects of the expirement change, the control stays the same to see if the changes actually change something so we know HOW it changed. |
| Define Constants | Constant: Something that remains the same throughout the whole expirement. |
| Define Independent Variable | The variable that you CHOOSE to change. |
| Define Dependent Variable | Dependent Variable: This depends on the independent variable for results. |
| Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, constant, and control of the following expirement. Several members of the Denver Nuggets have a theory that their agility on the court is affected by the types of shoes that they wear. Each player has the same type and make of shoe; the Jordan Retro 7, the Nike KD 9, and the Under Armour's Curry 2.5. Normally players wear the KD 9 for practices and games. The players first ran a 1000 m dash on the same track, wearing the KD 9's. They recorded their times. They waited another 30 minutes, switched to the Curry 2.5 shoes, ran the same 1000 m dash, and recorded their times. | Independent Variable: Shoes they Wear Dependent Variable: Time taken to run the dash Control: KD 9 ( shoes they usually wear ) Constants: Amount of time they wait and how long they run |
| What do we all bonds that form between different water molecules? | Hydrogen Bonds |
| Why is ice able to float in water, instead of sink/ Explain how the density changes when liquid water freezes. | Ice is able to float in water instead of sinking because the density is greater than it is when liquid because the molecules are more spread out. |
| Define Adhesion: | Adhesion: Water sticking to other things. |
| Define Cohesion: | Cohesion: Water sticking to itself |
| Define Capillary Action | Capillary Action: Water "climbing" up other substances |
| Define Surface Tension | Surface Tension: Creation of film on surface caused by cohesive forces |
| Define Universal Solvent | Water can dissolve more substances than any other COMMON liquid. |
| Define High Specific Heat | High Specific Heat: Specific heat amount translates to a certain amount of energy for heat/ unit of mass to raise temperature of substance by 1 degree Celsius. |
| Define High Heat of Vaporization | High Heat of Vaporization: A lot of energy is required to change water from liquid to gas because water has a relatively high boiling point. |
| Which of these do NOT describe responding to the environment? A: Responses over a short period of time B: Temporary responses to conditions, such as shivering when cold or sweating when hot C: Permanent genetic changes that affect a species over a long period of time D: Responses needed to maintain homeostasis | Correct Choice: C( Mostly describes change, not an adaptation because this more than likely will be there forever, and takes a long, long, long period of time to occur to change a species ) |
| True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall and chloroplast. | False- These two organelles are almost exclusive to plants. |
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