7217584
Description
Flashcards by Liam Musselbrook, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Liam Musselbrook
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the difference between stridor and stertor | Stridor: high-pitched noisy sound occurring during inhalation or exhalation, can be 'musical' Stertor: 'snoring', inspiratory sound, low pitched snoring or snuffly sound |
| Causes of upper airway obstruction | Foreign body Anaphylaxis Chemical burns Laryngitis/URI Peritonsillar/retropharyngeal abscess Malignancy Vocal cord palsy |
| Indications for tracheostomy | Obstruction of the upper airway Impaired respiratory function - eg, head trauma leading to unconsciousness, bulbar poliomyelitis. To assist weaning from ventilatory support To help clear secretions in the upper airway |
| Routine management of tracheostomy | Humidification Suctioning Tube and tube tie changes Stoma cleaning |
| Complications of tonsilitis | Otitis media Quinsy - peritonsillar abscess |
| Centor criteria for tonsilitis | - Tonsillar exudate - Tender anterior cervical adenopathy - Fever over 38°C (100.5°F) by history -Absence of cough. If 3 or 4 of Centor criteria are met, the positive predictive value is 40% to 60%. Absence of 3 or 4 of the Centor criteria has a fairly high negative predictive value of 80% |
| Indications for tonsillectomy | Sore throats are due to tonsillitis The person has 7 in 1yr, 5 in 2yrs or 3 in 3 yrs Symptoms have been occurring for at least a year The episodes of sore throat are disabling and prevent normal functioning *recurrent febrile convulsions secondary to episodes of tonsillitis * obstructive sleep apnoea, stridor or dysphagia * Quinsy if unresponsive to standard treatment |
| Complications of tonsillectomy | Primary (< 24 hours): haemorrhage in 2-3% (most commonly due to inadequate haemostasis), pain Secondary (24 hours to 10 days): haemorrhage (most commonly due to infection), pain |
| Recommended doses of adrenaline, hydrocortisone and chloramphenamine | |
| Presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Cervical lymphadenopathy Otalgia Unilateral serous otitis media Nasal obstruction, discharge and/ or epistaxis Cranial nerve palsies e.g. III-VI |
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