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Description
Flashcards by Suzanne Markoe Hayes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Suzanne Markoe Hayes
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| personality | "In social speech, someone's public image." Definition varies based on theorists: Allport, Rogers, Freud, Sullivan. Whereas Skinner wouldn't even address personality. p.2 |
| theory | "set of abstract concepts developed about a group of facts or events in order to explain them" p.2 |
| macro theories | "Theory that seeks to be global and that emphasizes comprehension of the whole person" p. 4 |
| micro theories | "Theory that has resulted from specific research focused on limited aspects of human behavior." p. 4 |
| philosophical assumptions | "An underlying view of the world that influences a person's thinking." p. 6 |
| philosophy | "The systematic love and pursuit of wisdom" p.6 |
| freedom vs. determinism | Individuals basically have control over their behavior vs. internal and external forces control behavior with human have very little or no control. p. 8 |
| heredity vs. environment | inherited and inborn characteristics vs. the environment influences behavior p. 8 |
| uniqueness vs. universality | Each individual is very different vs more similarities across all individuals. p. 8 |
| proactivity vs. reactivity | humans take initiative vs humans are just reacting to the world around them p.8 |
| optimism vs. pessimism | optimistic view where individuals can change for the better as well as the world around them vs. a more negative sinister view of humans p.8 |
| epiphany | "A manifestation of the essential nature of something". p. 8 |
| coherence | "One of the criteria for judging philosophical statements: the quality or state of logical consistency" p.9 |
| relevance | "One of the criteria for evaluating philosophical statements, the quality of having some bearing or being pertinent to one's view of reality" p. 9 |
| comprehensiveness | "One of the criteria for evaluating philosophical statements: the quality of having a broad scope or range and depth of coverage" p. 10 |
| compellingness | "One of the criteria for evaluating philosophical statements: the quality of appealing to someone with a driving force" p. 10 |
| paradigm | "A model or concept of the world that is shared by the members of a community and that governs their activities" p. 12 |
| scientific statements | "a statement about the world based on empirical observations arising from a currently held paradigm" p.12 |
| empirical | "Based on experience and observation" p. 12 |
| objective data | "data acquired through extrospection, the act of looking outward on the world as an object" p. 12 |
| subjective data | "data acquired through introspection, the act of looking inward on the self as subject" p.12 |
| objective vs. subjective | |
| consensual validation | "Agreement among observers about phenomena" p. 13 |
| generalization | "A statement that may be made, when a number of different instances coincide, that something is true about many or all members of a certain class." p. 13 |
| scientific or empirical generalization | "an inductive conclusion based on a number of different instances of observation" p. 13 |
| definitions | "a statement that is true because of the way in which we have agreed to use words" p. 13 |
| operational definition | "a definition that specifies those behaviors that are included in the concept" p. 13 |
| scientific constructs | "an imaginary or hypothetical construct used to explain what is observed in science" p. 13 |
| trait | "continuous dimensions that an individual can be seen to possess to a certain degree." p. 14 |
| self | "Rogers-psychological processes that govern behavior; Bandura- conceived more narrowly in terms of cognitive structures" p. 14 |
| verifiability | "capable of being tested by a method that ultimately relies on empirical observation" p. 14 |
| usefulness | "In scientific theorizing, the ability of a hypothesis to generate predictions about experiences that we might observe." p. 15 |
| compatibility | "a criterion for evaluating rival hypotheses; the agreement of the hypothesis with other previously well-established information" p. 15 |
| predictive power | "a criterion for evaluating rival hypotheses; the range or scope of the hypothesis" p.15 |
| simplicity | "A criterion for evaluating rival hypothesis: the quality of being simple and avoiding complicated explanations" p. 15 |
| assessment | "Evaluation or measurement" p. 15 |
| validity | "The quality of measuring what a construct is supposed to measure" p. 16 |
| reliability | "The quality of consistently yielding the same results over time" p. 17 |
| reliability vs. validity | http://highered.blogspot.com/2012/06/bad-reliability-part-two.html |
| objectivity | "The quality of recognizing or expressing reality without distortion by personal feeling. In test construction, construction of a test in such a way that it can be given and scored in a way that avoids the scorer's subjective bias" p. 17 |
| MMPI | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- designed to measure tendencies toward pathology or abnormal behavior. p. 17 |
| TAT | Thematic Apperception Test- in responding to the stimulus, the participant expresses personal attitudes, values, needs and feelings. p. 17 |
| psychotherapy | "effort to apply the findings of personality theory in ways that will assist individuals and meet human goals." p. 19 |
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