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| Question | Answer |
| Historical experience should be used with caution in setting standards because | they may perpetuate operating inefficiencies |
| Standards set by engineering studies | a) show the most efficient way of operating. b) rigorous guidelines. c) may not be achievable by operating personnel. d) don't allow operating personnel to have much input. |
| The standard cost per unit ofoutput for a particular input is calculated as | Standard input price X Standard input allowed per unit ofoutput produced |
| A currently attainable standard is one that | can happen under efficient operating conditions |
| An ideal standard is one that | relies on maximum efficiency. |
| Reasons for adopting a standard costing system include | to make operational control better |
| Standard costs are developed for | fixed overhead. |
| The underlying details for the standard cost per unit are provided in | the standard cost sheet |
| The standard quantity of materials allowed is computed as | Unit quantity standard X Actual output. |
| The standard direct labor hours allowed is computed as | Unit labor standard X Actual output |
| The total (budget) variance is computed as | (AP x AQ) - (SP x SQ). |
| Investigating variances from standard is | done if the variance is outside the control limits |
| Responsibility for the materials price variance typically belongs to | purchasing. |
| The materials price variance is usually computed | when materials are purchased |
| Responsibility for the materials usage variance is usually assigned to | production |
| Responsibility for the labor rate variance typically is assigned to | production |
| Responsibility for the labor efficiency variance typically is assigned to | production |
| Which of the following items describes practices surrounding the recording of variances? | a) All inventories are usually carried at standard. b) Unfavorable variances appear as debits. c) Favorable variances appear as credits. d) Immaterial variances are usually closed to Cost ofGoods Sold. |
| Which of the following is true concerning significantly large labor variances? | They are prorated in Work in Process, Finished Goods, and Cost of Goods Sold |
| For performance reporting, it is best to compare actual costs with budgeted costs using | flexible budgets |
| To create a meaningful performance report, actual costs and expected costs should be compared | at the actual level of activity |
| To help deal with uncertainty, managers should use | a before-the-fact flexible budget |
| To help assess performance, managers should use | a flexible budget |
| A firm comparing the actual variable costs ofproducing 10,000 units with the total variable costs of a static budget based on 9,000 units would probably see | large unfavorable variances |
| The total variable overhead variance is the difference between | the actual variable overhead and the applied variable overhead. |
| A variable overhead spending variance can occur because | a) prices for individual overhead items go up. b) prices for individual overhead items go down. c) more of an individual overhead item was used than expected. d) less of an individual overhead item was used than expected. |
| Because the calculation of both variances is based on direct labor hours, an unfavorable labor efficiency variance implies that | the variable overhead efficiency variance will also be unfavorable. |
| The total variable overhead variance can be expressed as the sum of | the spending and efficiency variances. |
| In a performance report that details the spending and efficiency variances, which of the following columns will be found? | a) A cost formula for each item b) A budget for actual hours for each item c) budget of standard hours for each item |
| The total fixed overhead variance is | the difference between actual and applied fixed overhead costs. |
| The total fixed overhead variance can be expressed as the sum of | the spending and volume variances |
| Because of the nature of fixed overhead items, the difference between the actual fixed overhead cost and the budgeted fixed overhead is | likely to be small |
| A favorable volume variance can occur because | the actual output was greater than expected or practical capacity |
| Responsibility for the volume variance usually is assigned to | the manufacturing department |
| Activity flexible budgeting makes it possible to | a) predict what activity costs will be as activity output changes. b) improve traditional budgetary performance reporting. c) enhance the ability to manage activities. d) enhance the ability to manage activities. |
| In activity-based budgeting, flexible budget formulas are created using | both unit-level and nonunit-level drivers |
| price standard | the price that should be paid per unit of input (such as pound of material). |
| quantity standard | the quantity of input allowed per unit of output (for example, pounds of material allowed per one unit of product). |
| standard cost sheet | calculates the total standard cost for one unit of product. It lists the standard costs for one unit of product for the following |
| Why Standard Cost Systems Are Adopted | To improve planning and control. To facilitate product costing |
| price or rate variances | the difference between actual costs of inputs and what the inputs should have cost (standard prices). |
| usage or efficiency variances | the difference between the actual quantity used and the standard quantity allowed for units produced. |
| favorable variance | If the actual price or quantity is less than the standard |
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