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Description
Flashcards by Natalia Cliff, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natalia Cliff
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Stereotype | an oversimplified, generalised set of ideas that we have about others. For example secondary head teachers are strict, intimidating, scary and male |
| Rubin et al Aim | To find out if new parents stereotype their babies |
| Rubin et al Method | Parents were asked to describe their new babies within 24 hours of the baby being born |
| Rubin et al Results | They found that parents of baby boys described their babies as being alert and strong, whereas parents of baby girls described their babies as soft and delicate |
| Rubin et al Conclusion | Parents stereotype their children from a very early age, despite no stereotypical behaviour being shown. |
| Role Model | Someone who a child looks up to and is likely to copy |
| Stereotypes Advantages | -Helpful for making snap judgments when we don't have time to make a full impression -Help remember information about people -Help us to respond appropriately when meeting new people -Enable us to fit in |
| Stereotypes Disadvantages | -Can stop us from seeing the real person when meeting someone new -Most stereotypes promote harmful images -Once learnt by children they may be difficult to overcome |
| Prejudice | a rigid set of attitudes or beliefs towards a particular set of people. These are usually negative but not always |
| Discrimination | The way an individual behaves toward another person or group as a result of their prejudiced views. Usually negative but not always. |
| Adorno Aim | To find out if there is a relationship between a person's personality type and their prejudiced beliefs |
| Adorno Method | Hundreds of people were interviewed and tested using the F-scale |
| Adorno Results | They found a relationship between personality traits and prejudiced beliefs |
| Adorno Conclusion | There is an authoritarian personality and people with these characteristics are highly likely to be prejudiced against others |
| Authoritarian Personality | a personality type that is prone to being prejudiced |
| Sherif Aim | To find out if prejudice develops when groups are in competition for scarce resources |
| Sherif Method | 22 boys in a summer camp were randomly split into two teams who were kept away from each other, unaware that the other team existed. The boys were given time to form a group identity. Then they discovered each other and a series of competitions for a silver cup began. |
| Sherif Results | Very quickly the teams began unpleasant name calling and began attacking each other |
| Sherif Conclusion | Competition is a cause of prejudice |
| In-group | a group of people you believe you have something in common with. E.g. people of the same nationality as you |
| Out-group | a group of people whom you believe you have nothing in common with |
| Tajfel Aim | To show how easily people discriminate against their out-groups |
| Tajfel Method | 14-15 year old boys were randomly assigned to two groups. Each boy was given a game to play where he had to award pairs of points. They were told the points could be exchanged for prizes at the end |
| Tajfel Results | The boys awarded points by choosing the pairings that created the greatest difference between the groups, not the pairings that gave them the most points. |
| Tajfel Conclusion | People will discriminate against others just because they are members of an out-group |
| Sherif Reducing Prejudice Aim | To see how Prejudice could be reduced |
| Sherif Reducing Prejudice Method | Firstly he arranged joint activities (e.g. trips to the cinema) for the two groups. This didn't work =( . Then he arranged for their truck to get stuck in the mud, forcing them to pull the Truck out or be late for Dinner. |
| Sherif Reducing Prejudice Results | This effectively reduced prejudice as the two groups were forced to collaborate on the same task. |
| Sherif Reducing Prejudice Conclusion | Co-operation on important tasks is one way of reducing prejudice between groups |
| Aronson Aim | To reduce prejudice between black and white students in a school in the USA |
| Aronson Method | He devised the jigsaw method in which students were in a mixed race group and each took responsibility for part of the lesson. They then had to pass on this knowledge to other students in their class |
| Aronson Results | This enhanced their self-esteem, increased their liking of their classmates and improved their perceptions of other racial groups within the class. |
| Aronson Conclusion | Having each student responsible for their own and other's learning successfully reduced prejudice |
| Elliott Aim | To teach her class how it felt like to be victims of discrimination |
| Elliott Method | Elliott told her class that: blue-eyed children were smarter and better than brown-eyed children and that Brown-eyed children were not allowed to play with blue-eyed children or use the drinking fountain. The next day she reversed the experiment |
| Elliott Results | The children who were discriminating were delighted, arrogant and became vicious. The children who were discriminated against were sad, confused and withdrawn. Fights broke out between children who were once best friends |
| Elliott Conclusion | Elliott believed that, by getting the children to experience first hand what it felt like to be victims of prejudice and discrimination, these children would grow up being more tolerant than others |
| Harwood Aim | To investigate children's views of the elderly |
| Harwood Method | He asked children and their Grandparents about their relationship. The children were also questioned about their views of elderly people in general |
| Harwood Results | Children who had regular contact with Grandparents had positive views toward elderly people |
| Harwood Conclusion | Contact with grandparents is a good predictor of a child's attitudes toward the elderly. |
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