882102
Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Peacock, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Peacock
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| - Financial and military pressures (scutages, aids, fines ect unpopular) - Service overseas - Excommunication? May have caused more trouble than we anticipate - Personal grievances - 1214 failure - John's allies defeated at Bouvines (John = bad military leader) - Unfair taxes - Harsh justice - Extension of royal forests and forest law - John aimed to bring all areas under personal supervision after 1204 and to ensure execution of policies throughout the lands which angered barons - Appointed new men (often foreign) for office as he couldn't trust the old Northern families - Seduced barons' wives and daughters | Key rebel barons: - Robert FitzWalter - Eusace de Vesci (North) Names to remember as well as the above: - the younger William Marshal (Whoever wins, the marshal family keep their lands - William Marshal still loyal to John) - Robert de Ros (remained loyal until May 1215 but then deserted) |
| Rebels surprised John by capturing London May 1215 - John shocked by extent and rapidity of the rebellion - Soon, Prince Louis of France joined the rebels in London (arrived May 1216) | Numbers: There were probably 45 key men in rebellion, who held 39 of the 197 baronies in England (a small group stood by John and a larger number remained neutral) At John's death only 8 of the 27 barons were on John's side Freeholder numbers estimated around 1,400 (indicated by land confiscation) Although the revolt was not universal, it was a powerful movement Many old families joined the rebellion 1215 after being replaced for new (foreign) men |
| The Northerners Most affected area by June 1215 = North This was because a few powerful men controlled an area and decided its allegiance Most trouble in 1212 and 1213 originated in the North; in 1214 Northerners refused to support John's campaign abroad This rebellion was more distinctively Northern than any revolt in Stephen or Henry's reign Barons in the North exercised wide powers so felt constrained - John visited frequently to direct his power Forest law was extended more in the North than any other region Many Northern opposition barons were in debt to the crown | Finance a key motive: John's sources of revenue were inflexible and difficult to change without creating problems: put up scutages, aids, fines ect = all unpopular In his 15 year reign, John put up scutages 11 times Clauses 2 to 16 (excluding 13) concern the raising of money Also began to force debtors to pay their debts more quickly |
| Clauses: - 1 English Church free, its rights undiminished and liberties unimpaired - 2 to 16 (excluding 13) concern the raising of money - 2 - set the price of a barony at £100 (John had once charged as much as £10 000) - 50 - removal of foreigners from their office (specifically names men such as Philp Marc and his brothers, and followers) - reflects the barons' xenophobic jealousy of specific individuals in John's government - 29 - John can not take away deptors lands as he pleased 'no freeman shall be imprisoned or deprived of his freehold... expect by the lawful judgement according to his equals and law of the land" First 15 designed to curb the King's exploitations in feudal custom - limiting scutage and relief payments ect | Magna Carta = an indictment of John's tyranny 25 baronial rebels were visionaries, formulating a document that would strongly protect English liberties and the position of free men by imposing limits on royal absolutism. Charter was an indictment against him and his good rule and style of governance (his attempts of modernising royal government) |
| This was a rebellion against the arbitrary and exploitative tendencies of Angevin government as a whole, not just John Half a century of Angevin government was the real problem, and Magna Carta was an inevitable reaction against this | The fact that several rebels promptly switched the royalist side after John's death shows that they were more concerned with their personal disagreements with John |
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