8879148
Description
Flashcards by Victoria Wright, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Victoria Wright
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the mnemonic device/sentence to remember the bugs that do not Gram stain well? | These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere |
| Which bugs do not Gram stain well because they are too thin to be visualized? | Treponema; Leptospira Mnemonic device: These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere - Treponema (These); Leptospira (Little) |
| Why do the following not Gram stain well? Treponema; Leptospira | They are too thin to be visualized |
| Which bugs do not Gram stain well because the cell wall has high lipid content? | Mycobacteria Mnemonic device: These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere - Mycobacteria (Microbes) |
| Why does the following not Gram stain well? Mycobacteria | The cell wall has high lipid content |
| Which bugs do not Gram stain well because there is no cell wall? | Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma Mnemonic device: These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere - Mycoplasma (May), Ureaplasma (Unfortunately) |
| Why do the following not Gram stain well? Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma | No cell wall |
| Which bugs do not Gram stain well because they are primarily intracellular? | Legionella; Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia |
| Why do the following not Gram stain well? Legionella; Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia | Primarily intracellular Also: Chlamydia lack classic peptidoglycan because of decreased muramic acid. |
| What is the mnemonic device / phrase for remembering Giemsa Stain? | Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience |
| What are Giemsa stains used for? | Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium |
| What are Periodic acid-Schiff stains used for? | Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) |
| Which stain is used for the following? Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) | Periodic acid-Schiff stain |
| Which stain is used for the following? Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium | Giemsa stain |
| What is the mnemonic phrase used to remember Periodic acid-Schiff stain? | PaSs the sugar |
| What are Ziehl-Neelsen stains (carbol fuchsin) used for? | Acid-fast bacteria (eg Mycobacteria, Nocardia; stains mycolic acid in cell wall); protozoa (eg Cryptoporidium oocysts) |
| Which stain is used for the following? Acid-fast bacteria (eg Mycobacteria, Nocardia; stains mycolic acid in cell wall); protozoa (eg Cryptoporidium oocysts) | Ziehl-Neelsen stains (carbol fuchsin) Current standard of care is auramine-rhodamine stain for screening (inexpensive, more sensitive but less specific) |
| What are India ink stains used for? | Cryptococcus neoformans; mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red |
| Which stain is used for the following? Cryptococcus neoformans; mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red | India ink stains |
| What are Silver stains used for? | Fungi (eg Coccidioides, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Legionella, Helicobacter pylori |
| Which stain is used for the following? Fungi (eg Coccidioides, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Legionella, Helicobacter pylori | Silver Stains |
| What are Fluorescent stains used for? | Used to identify many bacteria and viruses Example is FTA-ABS for syphilis |
| Which stain is used for the following? Used to identify many bacteria and viruses Example is FTA-ABS for syphilis | Fluorescent antibody stain |
| What is the first-line lab test in bacterial identification? | Gram Stain |
| With a gram stain, bacteria with thick peptidoglycan layer retain what dye? | Crystal Violet Dye (Gram+) |
| With a gram stain, bacteria with thin peptidoglycan layer turn what color? | Red or Pink (Gram-) with counterstain |
| What is Selective Media? | Favors the growth of particular organism while preventing growth of other organism. For example: Thayer-Martin agar contains antibiotics that allow the selective growth of Neisseria by inhibiting the growth of other sensitive organisms. |
| The following is an example of what? Thayer-Martin agar contains antibiotics that allow the selective growth of Neisseria by inhibiting the growth of other sensitive organisms. | Selective Media |
| What is Indicator (differential) media? | Yields a color change in response to the metabolism of certain organisms. Eg: MacConkey agar contains a pH indicator; a lactose fermenter like E coli will convert to acidic metabolites leading to color change |
| The following is an example of what? MacConkey agar contains a pH indicator; a lactose fermenter like E coli will convert to acidic metabolites leading to color change | Indicator (differential) media |
| What gram stain is used for the following? Chlamydia | Giemsa stain |
| What gram stain is used for the following? Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) | Periodic acid-Schiff stain |
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