Created by Victoria Wright
over 7 years ago
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What are competent bacteria able to bind and import? | Short pieces of environmental naked bacterial chromosomal DNA (from bacterial cell lysis). |
The transfer and expression of newly transferred genes is called what? | Transformation |
Transformation is a feature of many bacteria, especially what bacteria? | A feature of many bacteria, especially S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and Neisseria (Mnemonic - SHiN). |
What DNA can be used for Transformation? | Any DNA can be used. |
What would cause no transformation to be seen? | Adding deoxyribonuclease to environment will degrade naked DNA in medium leading to no transformation seen. |
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Transformation |
F+ plasmid contains genes required for what? | F+ plasmid contains genes required for sex pilus and conjugation. |
Bacteria without F+ plasmid are termed what? | Bacteria without this plasmid are termed F– |
Explain F+ × F- Conjugation | F+ plasmid contains genes required for sex pilus and conjugation. Bacteria without this plasmid are termed F–. Sex pilus on F+ bacterium contacts F− bacterium. A single strand of plasmid DNA is transferred across the conjugal bridge (“mating bridge”). No transfer of chromosomal DNA. |
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F+ × F- Conjugation |
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Hfr × F– Conjugation |
Explain the transfer of chromosomal DNA in F+ × F- Conjugation | No transfer of chromosomal DNA. |
In F+ × F– Conjugation, A single strand of what is transferred across the conjugal bridge (“mating bridge”) | A single strand of plasmid DNA is transferred across the conjugal bridge (“mating bridge”) |
In F+ × F– Conjugation, A single strand of plasmid DNA is transferred across what? | A single strand of plasmid DNA is transferred across the conjugal bridge (“mating bridge”) |
In Hfr × F– Conjugation, F+ plasmid can become incorporated into what? | F+ plasmid can become incorporated into bacterial chromosomal DNA, termed highfrequency recombination (Hfr) cell. |
In Hfr × F– Conjugation, there is transfer of what? | Transfer of leading part of plasmid and a few flanking chromosomal genes. |
In Hfr × F– Conjugation, High-frequency recombination may do what? | High-frequency recombination may integrate some of those bacterial genes |
In Hfr × F– Conjugation, what is the end result for the recipient cell? | The recipient cell remains F– but now may have new bacterial genes. |
What is described below? Sex pilus on F+ bacterium contacts F− bacterium. A single strand of plasmid DNA is transferred across the conjugal bridge (“mating bridge”). No transfer of chromosomal DNA. | F+ × F– Conjugation |
What is described below? Transfer of leading part of plasmid and a few flanking chromosomal genes. High-frequency recombination may integrate some of those bacterial genes. The recipient cell remains F– but now may have new bacterial genes. | Hfr × F– Conjugation |
Generalized Transduction is what kind of event? | A “packaging” event. |
Specialized Transduction is what kind of event? | An “excision” event. |
In Generalized Transduction, what infects bacterium, leading to cleavage of bacterial DNA? | Lytic phage infects bacterium, leading to cleavage of bacterial DNA. |
In Generalized Transduction, Lytic phage infects bacterium, leading to what? | Lytic phage infects bacterium, leading to cleavage of bacterial DNA. |
In Generalized Transduction, what may happen to parts of bacterial chromosomal DNA? | Parts of bacterial chromosomal DNA may become packaged in phage capsid. |
In Generalized Transduction, Parts of bacterial chromosomal DNA may become packaged in what? | Parts of bacterial chromosomal DNA may become packaged in phage capsid. |
In Generalized Transduction, phage infects what? Resulting in what? | Phage infects another bacterium, transferring these genes. |
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Generalized Transduction A “packaging” event |
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Specialized Transduction An “excision” event. |
In Specialized Transduction, Lysogenic phage infects what, and viral DNA incorporates into what? | Lysogenic phage infects bacterium; viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chromosome. |
In Specialized Transduction, When phage DNA is excised, what may be excised with it? | When phage DNA is excised, flanking bacterial genes may be excised with it. |
In Specialized Transduction, DNA is packaged into what and can infect another bacterium? | DNA is packaged into phage capsid and can infect another bacterium. |
In Specialized Transduction, Genes for what 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage? | Group A strep erythrogenic toxin, Botulinum toxin, Cholera toxin, Diphtheria toxin, Shiga toxin. (Mnemonic- ABCD'S) |
Recall the image for Transformation |
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Recall the image for F+ × F- Conjugation |
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Recall the image for Hfr × F– Conjugation |
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Recall the image for Generalized Transduction |
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Recall the image for Specialized Transduction |
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