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Created by Morgan Callaghan
over 7 years ago
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Question | Answer |
What is data? | Raw facts and figures that are meaningless |
What is information? | Information is data that has been describe. It need Structure, Context and Meaning |
How does data gain structure? Give an example | Structure is gained through presentation e.g. DATA - 210426 = STRUCTURE 15-05-17 |
How does data gain context? Give an example | Context is gained through interpretation e.g. STRUCTURED DATA - 15-05-17 = CONTEXT - A date |
How does data gain Meaning? Give an example | When you understand what it means e.g. STRUCTURED DATA - 15-05-17 = CONTEXT - A DATE = MEANING - the 135th day of the year (136th in a leap year) |
Give the "Equation" to make data into information | Data + Meaning(Structure+Context) = Information |
Give three ways of presenting data | Any of: Text Graphics/Image Sound Moving Image/Animation LED |
When can text be used? When can Graphics/Images be used? When can Sound be used? | Letters, Emails, Texts Signs, Charts Alarms, Spoken Word |
When can Moving Images/animations be used? When can LED be used? | Education, For fun On machines to indicate on/off, Display minimal inforamtion |
One advantage of using text | Any from: Meaning is clear and explicit Can be read in a loud place A lot of information at once |
One disadvantage of using text | Any from: Language barriers Long Winded Visually impaired Long time for people to process |
One advantage of using Images | Any from: "Pictures worth a thousand words" No language barrier Can see if loud Always there |
One disadvantage of using Images | Any from: Might not be clear/Misinterpreted Need knowledge of context No explanation if misunderstanding |
One advantage of using sound | Any from: Can grab attention No need to be close Visual impairments have no problems No visual distraction |
One disadvantage of using sound | Any from: Hearing impairments Bad in a loud environment Everyone has to listen Must be present at the time to hear it |
One advantage of using moving image/animation | Any from: Can convey actions Language independent |
One disadvantage of using moving image/animation | Any from: Only show frame by frame No sound |
One advantage of using LEDs | Any from: Takes up little space Power efficient Cheap to produce |
One disadvantage of using LEDs | Any from: Meaningless if you don't know why to use them Need to be close to see them |
What is knowledge Give an example | The understanding of rules needed to interpret information and using it, using your knowledge base e.g. INFORMATION - 21-04-26 is Queen Elizabeth's birthday in European date format KNOWLEDGE - The Queen was 82 in 2012 |
DATA TYPES What is Boolean What is Real What is an Integer | Only two values (Yes/No) Any number including decimals Any single number with no decimals |
What is a String What is Date and Time | Any alphanumerical value A date or time format |
What is the data type of a telephone number | String |
What does a "direct source of data" mean? | Data that has been collected for a specific purpose |
Advantages of Direct source | Any from: Data is what is required Source is trusted |
Disadvantages of Direct Source | Any from: Costly to collect original data Takes time to collect Sample sizes may be too small |
What does an "Indirect source of data" mean? | Data collected previously and being used for a different purpose other than it original purpose |
Advantages of Indirect source? | Any from : Data instantly Different Sources can be compared Large sample sizes |
Disadvantages of Indirect Source? | Any from: Not likely to meet requirements May be out of date May not be trustworthy May not be enough detail Format may be inappropriate |
Name one factor which affects the quality of information. Explain the one you've chosen | Any from: Completeness - Need to have full data Relevance - Must be on-topic Accuracy - Need to be accurate/reliable Age - Data should not be old or out of date Presentation - Understandable e.g. chart Level of detail - Too much or too little data |
What is the purpose of encoding data? | Any from: Speeding up processing times Reduce the amount of storage Improving accuracy of input Improving the presentation of data Security |
Ways to encode: | Any from: Numerical Representations (01= science, 02 = Engineering) Abbreviations (SCI = science, ENG = engineering) Value Judgments (Used in questionnaires) |
What is the purpose of validation? | To ensure data is (any from): Sensible Reasonable Within Acceptable Boundaries Complete |
Name a Type of validation | Any from: Range checks (e.g. 1-10, a day before today) Type checks (e.g. real, integer, string) Length check (e.g. must be 5 characters) Picture/format checks (e.g. post codes) Presence checks (e.g. required fields) Lookup checks (e.g. Male/Female/Other) |
What is check digit? What is it used for? | Check Digit is a single number between 0-9 which is put at the end of a string (e.g. barcode) We use it to mathematically check the accuracy of data |
How does check digit work? | 1. Data is entered (plus check digit) 2. Computer generates the expected check digit 3. If check digit matches = Save data 4. If check digit doesn't match = Data is rejected, Error message, Try again |
What is the purpose of verification? | Verification makes sure the data is the same as the object data |
Name the two types of verification | Computer Verification - Double Entry (e.g. passwords) Manual Verification - Proof Reading (the person checks the data manually from the screen to the source) |
Name one problem with Computer verification Name one problem with Manual Verification | Any from: May have entered the same data entry error twice and not picked up Any from: Blurred and tired eyes might not pick up errors People can see the same error twice and |
What is a transcript error? Give an example | Making a mistake when copying data over e.g Stuart = Stuasrt |
What is a transposition error? Give an example | Making a mistake by reversing data e.g. Stuart = Staurt |
What is the difference between Backing Up and Archiving data? | Backing up makes a copy of the data and stores it somewhere else for easy access Archiving removes the data and transfers it somewhere else for storing |
Name 3 costs of personnel | Any from: People employed to collect the data Contractors Maintenance of hardware and software Staff attending training courses |
Name 3 costs of Software | Any from: Software licenses Training staff to use the software Maintenance agreements DPT/Graphics editing |
Name 3 costs of Hardware | Any from: Storage space to hold data Purchasing and updating the equipment Printers, CDs, DVDs, Writer, Scanner, Camera |
Name 3 cost of consumables | Any from: Electricity Paper/toner for printers Lamps Petrol |
Describe the diagram of the input, output, process, storing feedback. |
Image:
Loop (image/jpeg)
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What is Inputting? What types of inputs are there? | Inputting is entering external data and adding it to the system Electrical input - CD/Disk , Network Manual Input - Keyboard |
What is processing? What are the three "steps" of processing? | Processing is the actions performed on the data. Sorting Searching Performing Calculations |
What is storage? What is in storage? | Storage is where the data is held It holds results from processing, the original input and any other data required during processing |
What is outputting? What types of outputs are there? | Outputting is taking the information from the system and showing it to the user Printed Outputs Output on screen Electronic Output PDF Output |
What is feedback? What is a closed Loop What is an open Loop | Feedback is the output from the system and it can form the next input system If feedback = automatic = Closed Loop If feedback = Manual = Open Loop |
What are the steps of a UPC Check Digit Modulus 10? | 1. Add odd placed numbers 2. Times odd totally by 3 3. Add even placed numbers 4. Add even and odd totals 5. Divide the total by 10 6. Subtract the remainder from 10 7. Add final digit to the end |
What is Modulus 11 used for? | It is usually used with 10 digit barcodes |
Explain the steps of modulus 11 | 1. Identify length of number 3. Identify weightings |
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