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Created by jasmine.815
about 10 years ago
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Question | Answer |
What is symbiosis? | The living together of 2 unlike organisms |
What is cellular endosymbiosis? | When a single cell organisms lives in a host cell |
Who proposed the theory of endosymbiosis? | Lynn Margulis |
Describe the mechanism of endosymbiosis? | 1. Phagocytosis of a prokaryote 2. Host cell and endosymbiont reproduce 3. Development of an interdependence |
Which 2 organelles are thought to have derived from prokaryotes? | Chloroplasts and mitochondria |
Early eukaryotes engulfed ________ which lead to ______ and _______. Other early eukaryotes engulfed _________ which lead to _________. | mitochondria animals fungi chloroplast plants |
Name the 6 supporting evidence of endosymbiosis of mitochondria and chloroplasts | 1. They have their own circular geode 2. They contain 70S ribosomes 3. Chloroplasts use FtsZ 4. Chloroplast and cyanobacteria have thylakoid membranes 5. Both are surrounded by a double membrane 6. Bacteria and mitochondria share a specific membrane lipid (cardiolipin) |
So overall what is the reason why chloroplast and mitochondria are thought to have derived from prokaryotes? | They share organisational similarities |
What is a nucleomorph? | A DNA containing relict of an engulfed eukaryote |
What is secondary endosymbiosis? | E.g. a cyanobacterium engulfed by eukaryote to form algae that is then engulfed by another eukaryote to form something else ^^ |
Give an example of endosymbiosis happening today | Lichen fungal hyphae + photosynthetic cyanobacteria or algae |
Give another example of endosymbiosis today | Corals Sea anemone-like polyps (Anthozoa) + Photosynthetic Zooxanthaela |
Describe what is exchanged between polyps and zooxanthella in coral endosymbiosis | Polyps provide O2 and nutrients, Zooxanthella provide CO2 and nutrients |
About 1.6 billion years ago how were prokaryotes thought to have formed their nuclear envelope? | By invagination of the plasma membrane |
How does having a double plasma membrane support endosymbiosis theory? | The outer layer is probably reminiscent of the plasma membrane of the host, the inner membrane resembles the plasma membrane of the previous bacterium - probably occurred due to incomplete phagocytosis |
What is FtsZ? | A prokaryotic tubulin homologue for fission |
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