274 - Starling Curve, Resistance, Pressure, Flow

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Cardiovascular Flashcards on 274 - Starling Curve, Resistance, Pressure, Flow, created by Victoria Wright on 29/05/2017.
Victoria Wright
Flashcards by Victoria Wright, updated more than 1 year ago
Victoria Wright
Created by Victoria Wright over 7 years ago
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Question Answer
Starling Curve Force of contraction is proportional to what? Force of contraction is proportional to enddiastolic length of cardiac muscle fiber (preload).
Starling Curve Enddiastolic length of cardiac muscle fiber (preload) is proportional to what? Force of contraction is proportional to enddiastolic length of cardiac muscle fiber (preload).
Starling Curve What do catecholamines do to contractility? Increase contractility
Starling Curve What do positive inotropes (eg digoxin) do to contractility? Increase contractility
Starling Curve What does loss of myocardium (eg MI) do to contractility? Decrease contractility
Starling Curve What do β-blockers (acutely) do to contractility? Decrease contractility
Starling Curve What do non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers do to contractility? Decrease contractility
Starling Curve What does dilated cardiomyopathy do to contractility? Decrease contractility
Starling Curve There is increased contractility with what? With catecholamines, positive inotropes (eg, digoxin).
Starling Curve There is decreased contractility with what? With loss of myocardium (eg, MI), β-blockers (acutely), non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers, dilated cardiomyopathy.
Exercise
Normal
HF + digoxin
HF
Stroke volume (or CO)
Ventricular EDV (preload)
Resistance, pressure, flow ΔP = ? ΔP = Q × R
Resistance, pressure, flow Q × R = ? ΔP = Q × R
Resistance, pressure, flow Similar to Ohm’s law: ΔV = ? Similar to Ohm’s law: ΔV = IR
Resistance, pressure, flow Volumetric flow rate (Q) = ? flow velocity (v) × cross-sectional area (A)
Resistance, pressure, flow flow velocity (v) × cross-sectional area (A) = ? Volumetric flow rate (Q) = flow velocity (v) × cross-sectional area (A)
Resistance, pressure, flow driving pressure (ΔP) / flow (Q) = ? Resistance
Resistance, pressure, flow (8η (viscosity) × length) / (πr4) =? Resistance
Total resistance of vessels in series? Look in book RT = R1 + R2 + R3 . . .
Total resistance of vessels in parallel? Look in book 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3....
What have the highest total cross-sectional area? Capillaries have highest total cross-sectional area and lowest flow velocity.
What have the lowest flow velocity? Capillaries have highest total cross-sectional area and lowest flow velocity.
What drives flow from high pressure to low pressure? Pressure gradient drives flow from high pressure to low pressure.
Pressure gradient drives flow from what to what? Pressure gradient drives flow from high pressure to low pressure.
What account for most of TPR? Arterioles account for most of TPR.
Arterioles account for most of what? Arterioles account for most of TPR.
What provide most of blood storage capacity? Veins provide most of blood storage capacity.
Veins provide most of what? Veins provide most of blood storage capacity.
Viscosity depends mostly on what? Viscosity depends mostly on hematocrit.
What depends mostly on hematocrit? Viscosity depends mostly on hematocrit.
What happens to viscosity in hyperproteinemic states (eg, multiple myeloma)? Viscosity increases
What happens to viscosity in polycythemia? Viscosity increases
What happens to viscosity in anemia? Viscosity decreases
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