9148588
Description
Flashcards by Ella Middlemiss, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ella Middlemiss
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Aim | to determine how long-term memory is affected by acoustic and semantic encoding |
| What type of study? | lab experiment |
| Experimental design? | independent groups |
| Ppts | Men and women from the Applied Psychology Research Unit, Subject Panel |
| How many experiments conducted and which one we're looking at? | 3 experiment 3 |
| How many groups of ppts? | 4 - randomly assigned to one list condition |
| List A | 10 acoustically similar words e.g. cat hat |
| List B | 10 acoustically dissimilar words e.g. ruler mug - matched in terms of frequency to list A (control group) |
| List C | 10 semantically similar words e.g. large, collosal |
| List D | 10 semantically dissimilar words e.g. good, huge, deep - matched in terms of frequency to list C (control group) |
| Procedure | Shown 10 words - 3 secs each. Distractor task - 6 tasks involving memory of digits. Given words and asked to recall in order in 1 min. Results gathered - evidence for STM. Repeat stages 1-4X4 - learning trials - LTM. 15 minute interference task - copying 8 digit sequences. Surprise recall test of 10 words - order. Results gathered - evidence for LTM. |
| Results - evidence for STM | Recall of list A lower than list B - not a SD. No difference for C and D Acoustic encoding was initially difficult but didn't affect long term recall. |
| Results - evidence for LTM | Recall of list C was 55% accurate and list D was 85% accurate - SD. No difference for A and B. LT recall was a lot worse for semantically similar words than semantically dissimilar words. Semantically dissimilar words are unrelated and aren't likely to be mixed up in recall. |
| Conclusion | Because acoustically similar words were initially more difficult to encode - suggests that STM is largely acoustic. Later retest recall of list C was impaired compared to all other lists because they were semantically similar - suggests LTM is largely but not exclusively semantic. |
| Strengths | No gender bias. Highly controlled, lab experiment with standardised procedure (timing of visual stimulus) - high internal validity. Good application - dementia and dyslexia. No order effects due to Independent Groups design. |
| Weaknesses | Low population validity - small sample, culture bias. Ignores individual differences. Low ecological validity. Lack of mundane realism. Possible psychological harm from embarrasment. Deception. |
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