9194376
Description
Flashcards by Karima Ranieri, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Karima Ranieri
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How many Arabs fled from their homes in Palestine during the 1948-9 war? | Over 700,000 |
| Where did most of them go? | - To the West Bank or the Gaza Strip. - Large numbers also went to Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. |
| How many refugees do the UN reckon there are today? | 5 million Palestinian refugees |
| When was the United Nations Relief and Works Agency formed? | 1949 |
| What did this body set up and provide the refugees? | - Set up camps for the refugees - Provided them food, clothing, shelter and education |
| What did Israelis refuse and continue to do in regards to the question of repatriation? | - UN wished to repatriate the refugees but the Israelis refused to allow them to return to their lands in Israel. - Israelis continued to take over Arab villages and to confiscate the property of Palestinians who had fled from Israel. - Much of this property was given to new Jewish immigrants. |
| By 1953, how many Jews from Arab countries did Israel take in? | 300,000 |
| What did the Arab states do with Palestinian refugees? | - Jordan allowed the Palestinian refugees to settle and become citizens while other Arab states kept them in refugee camps near the border with Israel. |
| How did the PLO emerge? What was their aim? Which was the largest group within the PLO? | - In 1964, the PLO was set up by Arab leaders meeting in Cairo. - The aim of the PLO was to unite all Palestinians in the struggle to win back their land. - Largest group within the PLO was Fatah. - From 1965 to 1967, they carried out an increasing number of guerrilla attacks on Israel. |
| How many Palestinians fled when the West Bank was captured in 1967? | 300,000 |
| In 1967, how much of the population of Jordan was Palestinian? | Population of Jordan = 2 million Half was Palestinian |
| Where did the PLO recruit their volunteers from? | Jordanian refugee camps |
| When did Palestinian fighters, led by Fatah, gain control of the PLO? | In 1968 |
| When did Yasser Arafat become chairman of the PLO? | 1969 |
| What did the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine group do? | The PFLP was more radical: They carried out attacks in other parts of the world. |
| When was the PLO expelled from Jordan? | 1970 |
| Why was the PLO expelled from Jordan? | - PLO roamed around Jordan, fully armed and setting up roadblocks, even in Amman. - When the PFLP hijacked four aircraft, taking 3 to a Palestinian base in Jordan and blew them up, this was the last straw for King Hussein. |
| How did King Hussein get rid of the PLO? What happened? | - King Hussein ordered his army to take control of the PLO bases, when the Palestinians resisted, in the next 10 days more than 3000 were killed. |
| Where did the Palestinian military fighters go after? | Syria and Lebanon |
| How did Palestinian extremists get their revenge? | By killing Jordanian prime minister, Wasfi a-Tel |
| Who were the members a group of? | Black September (Palestinian group which killed 11 Israeli athletes) |
| On 5th September 1972, what did the Black September do? | - Killed two Israeli athletes who competed in the Olympic Games in Munich. - Demanded the release of 200 Palestinians in prison in Israel. |
| What happened when German police attempted a rescue? | - Palestinians killed 9 more athletes. |
| How did the Israelis take their revenge? | By carrying out reprisal raids on Syria and Lebanon, killing over 200 refugees. |
| How were terrorist acts, to a certain extent, a benefit to the Palestinians? | - Gained widespread publicity - More people began thinking about the Palestinian problem - People started becoming more aware of the unhealthy camps they had to live in for over 20 years |
| Who was Sana M'Heidli and what did she do? | - She was a 16 year old Lebanese Muslim girl - On 10 April 1985, she drove a car packed with explosives towards a group of Israeli soldiers in Lebanon - She killed herself and two Israelis |
| Which area did the PLO start to dominate in Lebanon? | Southern Lebanon |
| What did PLO armed forces often do? How did the Israelis react? | - Bombed Jewish settlements and villages in the Galilee region of northern Israel. - Israelis hit back and Lebanese as well as Palestinians were killed. |
| What did the Lebanese government order in 1975? | - For its army to regain control of the south. |
| What did the Palestinians do, who were they helped by? | They resisted and were helped by Lebanese Muslims. |
| What did this spark? | Civil war between Christians and Muslims |
| What did the PLO continue to do? What particularly happened in 1978? | - Carried on attacking Israel from Lebanon. - In 1978, a PLO suicide squad attacked a bus near Tel Aviv, killing 37 passengers. |
| What did Israelis do 3 days after the bus bombing? | Israeli troops invaded Lebanon and seized the south of the country. |
| What happened under US pressure? | Israelis withdrew |
| In order to keep peace on the Lebanese-Israeli border, what was sent? | UN peace troops |
| When did the Israelis plan another invasion of Lebanon, what was this called? | In 1982, called 'Operation Peace for Galilee' |
| What happened in June 1982? | A group of Palestinians attempted to murder the Israeli ambassador in London. |
| How did the Israeli's react? What was the end result? | - They crossed the Lebanese border. This time with 170,000 troops, 3500 tanks, and 600 fighter planes. - Thousands of Palestinian and Lebanese civilians were killed in the process and hundreds of thousands were made homeless. |
| Under Ariel Sharon, what did the Israeli forces do in order to establish 'safety'? | They advanced north and surrounded the capital Beirut, cutting off supplies of food and water. They started shelling positions in the city which were held by the PLO. Beirut was bombarded daily for 2 months. |
| How many air raids were launched in August 1982? | 127 air raids |
| How many were killed during the 'Battle of Beirut' | Over 20,000 |
| How many PLO fighters evacuated Beirut when the US intervened in mid-August 1982? | 14,000 |
| Where did Yasser Arafat move his headquarters to? | Tunisia |
| What did the Israelis believe after the PLO forces left Beirut? | That there were still 2000 Palestinian fighters in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila |
| What happened when Christian president of Lebanon was killed on 14th September? | His armed supporters took revenge. They invaded the camps, and carried out a massacre of men, women and children. Meanwhile, the Israelis let them and did not intervene. |
| How many civilians were killed? | Between 1000 and 2000 |
| How did the citizens of Israel feel? | A crowd of 400,000 protested against the actions of their armed forces. |
| What happened to Ariel Sharon? | He was forced to resign, but later became prime minister in 2001 |
| When did Israeli troops leave South of Lebanon? | Upon hearing of events like Sana M'Heidli's attack on their troops, they withdrew from most of Lebanon. |
| What happened in July 2006 with the Hezbollah fighters? | They crossed the border into Israel, killed 3 Israeli soldiers and captured two others. They demanded the release of hundreds of Hezbollah fighters and Palestinians who were held in Israeli jails. |
| How did Israel respond? | Launched air attacks on Hezbollah strongholds in both south Lebanon and Beirut. |
| How did the Hezbollah respond to this? | Launched hundreds of missiles from the south of Lebanon against towns in the north of Israel. |
| How did the Israelis respond? | Israeli planes bombed Beirut airport and bridges leading to Syria. |
| What was the death toll of the war in Lebanon 2006? | - 1000, mostly civilians, in Lebanon - A million made homeless - Nearly 100 Israelis were killed |
| When was ceasefire arranged? | August 2006 |
| How did the Israelis fail? | - Could not destroy the Hezbollah or recover their captured soldiers |
| Life in the occupied territories How was resistance interpreted? | - By people holding demonstrations or a rally - People organising a strike - People waving the Palestinian flag |
| Life in the occupied territories How was opposition dealt with? | Israelis rounded up PLO suspects and others whom they saw as a threat, jailing them without trial. Some were tortured, hundreds were deported. Sometimes their houses were blown up, leaving their families homeless. Israeli army also confiscated land and declared it to be Jewish property. |
| Life in the occupied territories By 1987, how many Jews were living in settlements in and around Jerusalem? | Over 80,000 Jews |
| Life in the occupied territories By 1987, how many Jews were living in parts of the West Bank and Gaza? | 20,000 |
| Origins of the Palestinian Intifada 1987 What happened on the 8th December 1987? | - An Israeli army vehicle in Gaza crashed into a lorry, killing four of the Palestinians on board. |
| What happened during the funerals? | The funerals became huge demonstrations, at one of them, a youth was shot dead by and Israeli soldier. |
| What did Palestinians do during the intifada? | As tension mounted, thousands took to the street. - They set up barricades and threw stones at Israeli troops |
| How did the Israeli's respond? | - Used tear gas, water cannon, rubber bullets, and even live ammunition. - Mass arrests, special detention camps set up. - Suspected leaders of the uprising were deported or killed. |
| What were the effects of the first intifada? | - By September 1988, 346 Palestinians had been killed. Many of them under the age of 16. |
| What did Palestinian leaders in Gaza and West Bank realise? | That the only way to improve Palestinian lives was to put pressure on the PLO leaders in Tunisia to recognise Israel and persuade the Israeli government to accept a Palestinian state. |
| When did the USA recognise the PLO as a necessary participant in peace negotiations? | 1988 |
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