HOW? Differente strategies and techniques should be applied. Some examples are: porfolios, quizes - tests, role plays, rubrics...etc.
WHEN ? Evaluation must take place before, during and after. It is not just a final part of the learning process. Also, it needs to be flexible, permanent and continuous.
WHAT? Teachers should evaluate four aspects: knowledge-understanding, process-practice applicability-use, and students´motivation.
The third actor is the educational community that includes parents, administrators and government who must work together in order to support students to achieve their achievements.
The first actor and who has a huge responsability is the teacher. He/she is the one who plan, do and assess teaching/learning processes. He/she must be commited and vreative all the time.
As it has been said by many people, evaluation is a key and really important part for successful and it must be applied to any process: students assessment, curriculum review, class improvement ... etc.
Linguistic factors can affect student assessment for teachers need to consider the variation, level and understanding of each student related to the target language.
Educational factors must be taken into account too because these will condition the evaluation. These are the resources, the methods and strategies used and the purpose of learning.
Socio-cultural factors are also needed as these provide a context where the evaluation will be carried out and it will require modifications and adaptations to seek effectiveness.
Considering the factors and actors involved in the evaluation process, it will be more assertive.
If teachers recognize the importance of evaluating, it will be easier to define what, how and when evaluate.
Factors must be taking into account in order to adjust and plan how evaluate students.
The second is the student and is the one should be aware of his/her own learning process.