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10981296
Wake up dad !
Description
Mind Map on Wake up dad !, created by amna mohd on 20/10/2017.
Mind Map by
amna mohd
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
amna mohd
almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Wake up dad !
Anatomy of the upper respiratory tract
Sleep apnea
What it it?
Disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
Signs and symptoms:
Snoring
Mechanism
1 - Airway is partially obstructed by the uvula, nasal congestion, adenoids.
2 - Lung will work harder to get the same amount of air (TV) to satisfy the bodies demand of O2
3 - This causes vibration of the soft palate and uvula which produces the snoring sound
Life risk factors of snoring
Morning headache
Difficulty staying asleep
Sleep cycle
Changes in the sleep cycle with age
Stages
NREM – Non-Rapid eye movements
N1 – very light sleep - 5%
N2 – slightly deeper - 25%
N3 – deep sleep - 45%
REM – Rapid eye movements
Dreams and brain development - 25%
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Attention problems
Irritability
Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat
Episodes of breathing cessation
Abrupt awakenings accompanied by shortness of breath
Types and causes of each type
Obstructive sleep apnea
More common form that occurs when throat muscles relax.
Central sleep apnea
Occurs when your brain doesn't send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing
Complex sleep apnea syndrome
Occurs when someone has both obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea
Risk factor
Being older.
Heart disorders.
Using narcotic pain medications.
Stroke.
Complication
Daytime fatigue.
High blood pressure or heart problems.
Obstructive sleep apnea may increase the risk of recurrent heart attack, and abnormal heartbeats, such as atrial fibrillation.
You may also feel quick tempered, moody or depressed.
You may have difficulty concentrating and find yourself falling asleep at work, while watching TV or even when driving.
Type 2 diabetes.
Complications with medications and surgery.
Metabolic syndrome.
Liver problems.
Sleep-deprived partners.
History taking
Questions regarding sleep apnea
Background information
Medical History
Childhood sleeping patterns
Surgery
Long standing illnesses --> HTN and Diabetes
Medication
Family History
Long standing illnesses
Genetic sleep apnea - Genes leads to sleep apnea indirectly
Social history
Stress
Differential diagnosis
Asthma
Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes
COPD
Depression
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Hypothyroidism
Narcolepsy
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Physical examination
Breathing pattern
Rate
Depth and mode
Chest expansion
Breathing sounds
Investigations
Polysomnogram
What is it?
Records your brain waves, the oxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.
How do you prepare ?
The doctor may advise you to stop drinks that contains caffeine such as alcohol and coffee.
Normal Polysomnograph
Treatment
Surgical - Tonsillectomy
What is it?
surgical procedure to remove the palatine tonsils
Complications
Fever
Nasal congestion or drainage
Snoring and mouth breathing may worsen for 10-14 days after surgery
Bad breath
Voice changes
Health problems that can be treated by tonsillectomy
Tonsillitis
Breathing problems related to swollen tonsils
Frequent and loud snoring
Bleeding of the tonsils
Cancer of the tonsils
Non-Surgical - CPAP
Applied to the airways of a spontaneously breathing patient throughout the respiratory cycle.
How does it wokr?
Maintains constant level of airway pressure
Keeps alveoli open (asthma, COPD)
Moves extracellular fluid into vasculature (pulmonary edema)
Improves gas exchange
Buys time for medications to work
Media attachments
Anatomy (binary/octet-stream)
Anatomy 2 (binary/octet-stream)
Anatomy 1 (binary/octet-stream)
Life Risk Factors Of Snoring (binary/octet-stream)
111 (binary/octet-stream)
Questions Regarding (binary/octet-stream)
Expansion (binary/octet-stream)
Ecg (binary/octet-stream)
Normal (binary/octet-stream)
Cpap (binary/octet-stream)
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