Glycolysis

Glycolysis

STEP ONE
1. Phosphorylation
  1. Two molecules of ATP are used to add phosphate to glucose
    1. This results in hexose bisphosphate which is more reactive than glucose
      1. ready for the next steps in breaking down the glucose
STEP TWO
1. Lysis of glucose molecule
  1. Hexose is broken into two molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate (GP)
STEP THREE
1. Formation of pyruvate
  1. NAD is reduced to form NADH (reduced co-enzyme)
    1. by removing hydrogen atoms from GP
      1. THIS IS DEHYDROGENATION
        Four molecules of ATP are formed using energy released as bonds are formed
        These four ATP molecules give the net two ATP produced by glycolysis
        two ATP were used in Step One
        Annotations:
        The ATP is produced by substarte level phosphorylation, which is different from the ATP production in the mitochondrion (oxidative phosphorylation).Additional
        phosphorylation
        GP is oxidised as a result
Typical Question:
1. showing worked example
2. Give reasons to explain that the energy for ATP production during glycolysis
  1. is provided by oxidation, despite the fact that oxygen is not required
    1. Removal of hydrogen atoms from GP is a form of oxidation
      1. Oxidation is the addition of oxygen OR
        the removal of hydrogen or an electron
        Energy is transferred to ATP molecules in substrate level phosphorylation

Resource summary

	Created by Alex O'Kane about 7 years ago