Indonesia- Transmigration

Effects
1. Economic
  1. Cost a lot to move everyone
  2. lack of jobs for migrants
  3. poor people lack jobs and have no farming skills which is the main job provider in rural areas
  4. average earnings were higher in rural Java than any resettlement island
2. Environmental
  1. Rainforests destroyed
  2. "transmigration villages" built on land never previously affected by human activity
  3. natural resources used up
  4. soil in new land not as useful for growing crops as volcanic soils of Java
3. Social
  1. fighting between migrants
  2. communal clashes between different ethnic groups
  3. quality of life of migrants not improved
  4. poverty and overpopulation in Java not reduced
  5. fears from native populations of "Javanization" and "Islamization", strengthens separatist movements
Policy
1. People were to be moved from overcrowded, densely populated Indonesian islands e.g. Java and Bali to sparsely populated areas e.g. Sulawesi and Malaysia
2. Initiative of Dutch colonial government
  1. Later continued by Indonesian Government
Future
1. Policy has been quietly dropped
Reasons
1. overcrowding
2. strain on resources
3. in Java there are more than 600 people per sq km
4. In Malaysia there are less than 10 people per sq km
5. 3million people added to Java's population each year
6. Squatter settlements in Java grow by 100,000+ people each year
7. uneven population distribution

Resource summary

	Created by beth2384 about 11 years ago