Thyroid Gland

Anatomy:
1. Plan of the neck
2. Thyroid gland
Physiology
1. Effects
Hypothyroidism
1. Causes
  1. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
    1. Auto-immune antibody against TPO
2. Treatment
Signs and Symptoms
Hyperthyroidism
1. Causes
  1. Grave's Disease
    1. Auto-immune antibody against TSHR
    2. Symptoms:
      1. Anxiety and irritability
      2. Goiter
      3. Change in menstrual cycles
      4. Fatigue
    3. Risk Factors
      1. Family history
      2. Gender
      3. Age
      4. Pregnancy
  2. Tumor
2. Goiter
  1. Causes
    1. Iodine deficiency
    2. Grave's disease
3. Treatment
Clinical
1. Taking History
  1. Demographic
    1. Age
      1. Young and middle aged women
    2. Sex
      1. Mostly in women
    3. Occupation
      1. Stressful work
    4. Residence
      1. Areas with low iodine food
  2. Swelling
    1. Duration and change in size
    2. Discomfort during swelling
    3. Dyspnoea
    4. Hoarseness
    5. Pain
    6. Swelling after trauma
2. Physical Examination
  1. Inspection
    1. Body habit
    2. Alertness and motor activity
    3. Hands
      1. Dry skin
      2. Increased sweating
      3. Thyroid acropachy
      4. Palmar erythema
      5. Peripheral tremors
      6. Pulse
        Rate
        Rhythm
    4. Vital signs
    5. Face
      1. Dry skin
      2. Sweating
      3. Yellow discoloration
      4. Eyebrows
    6. Eyes
      1. Exophthalmos
        Lid lag
    7. Thyroid
      1. inspect the midline of the neck
      2. Masses
  2. Palpation
    1. Neck
    2. Trachea for any deviation
  3. Assess
    1. Lymph node
    2. Trachea
  4. Percussion
  5. Auscultation
Investigations
2. Ultrasonography
Biochemistry

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Thyroid Gland

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	Created by shahid alzaghari about 7 years ago