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11442617
Depression- Psychopathology Revision
Description
AQA AS and A Level Psychopathology: Depression. Includes Characteristics, Explanations, and Treatment.
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a level
as
as level
psychology
psychopathology
depression
mindmap
mind map
aqa
psychology
psychopathology
as level
Mind Map by
Grace Fawcitt
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Grace Fawcitt
almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Depression- Psychopathology Revision
Characteristics
Behavioural
Activity levels
Lethargy
Psychomotor agitation
Difficulty relaxing
Sleep and diet disruption
Aggression and self-harm
Emotional
Lowered mood
Empty/worthless
Anger
Lowered self-esteem
Self-loathing
Cognitive
Poor concentration
Paying attention to the negative
Absolutist thinking
All good or all bad, no in between
Explanation
Cognitive
Beck, 1967
Faulty information processing
Only focusing on negative aspects
Winning £1,000,000 in lottery, but previous winner won £10,000,000
Blowing small problems out of proportion
Negative self schemas
A 'schema' is a package of information developed through experience
They act as a mental framework for our interpretation of information
A negative self-schema is when we interpret all information about ourselves in a negative way
The negative triad
World
World is horrible place
Hopelessness
Future
Future is bleak
Self
I am a failure
Low self esteem
Evaluation
Good supporting evidence
These faulty cognitions are seen before depression, suggesting they may be the cause, not the effect
Practical application
CBT
Doesn't explain all aspects
Can't explain anger or hallucinations
Ellis, 1962
ABC model
A- Activating event
Negative events (e.g. bereavement) cause irrational thoughts
B- Beliefs
Musturbation
Always being successful
Utopianism
Life must always be fair
C- Consequences
Emotional and behavioural consequences
If you aren't always successful, this may trigger depression
Depression is result of irrational thoughts
Evaluation
Partial explanation
Only works for reactive depression
Practical application
CBT
Treatment
Cognitive
CBT
Beck
Identify negative triad
Challenge negative triad
Reality testing
Patient as scientist
Recording when something made them feel good
Ellis
REBT
The ABCDE model
D- Dispute
E- Effect
Identify and dispute irrational thoughts
Vigorous argument
Empirical
Is there any evidence?
Logical
Does negative thought logically follow from facts?
Evaluation
It is effective
CBT just as effective as medication, and increased improvement rates when combined with drugs
May not work on severe cases
Have to be motivated enough to engage
Can't be sole treatment
Some patients don't want to focus on present and future, but their past instead
Frustrating
Overemphasis on cognition
Disregards patient's situation e.g. poverty
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