Approaches- Behaviourism

Only interested in observable and therefore measurable behaviour
1. Disregarded mental processes and role of biology
  1. Primarily used lab studies to maintain objectivity
  2. Also studied animals, as they are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar
Classical conditioning
1. Pavlov's dogs
  1. Unconditioned stimulus- food
    1. Unconditioned response- salivation
  2. Neutral stimulus- bell
    1. Response- none
  3. Food+ bell
    1. Response- salivation
  4. Conditioned stimulus- bell
    1. Conditioned response- salivation
2. Learning through association
Operant conditioning
1. Learning through consequences
2. Skinner's rats
  1. 1953
  2. Positive reinforcement
    1. Rat in box, presses lever, gets treat
      1. Learns to press lever via reward
  3. Negative reinforcement
    1. Rat in box, floor is electrified, presses lever, floor turns off
    2. Learns to press lever to avoid negative occurence
3. Positive reinforcement
  1. Reward for behaviour
4. Punishment
  1. Unpleasant consequence
5. Negative reinforcement
  1. Removal from unpleasant situation, no reward
Evaluation
1. Scientific credibility
  1. Objectivity and replication
2. Real life application
  1. Token economy systems
  2. Treatment of phobias
3. Mechanistic view of behaviour
  1. Suggests passivity of people
  2. Disregards activity of mental processes
4. Environmental determinism
  1. No free will
5. Ethical and practical issues of animal studies
  1. Causes harm
    1. Pain and stress affects responses
  2. Not people

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Approaches- Behaviourism

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	Created by Grace Fawcitt almost 7 years ago