Role of Y chromosome in cancer

Sex differences in risk and incedence of diseases
1. 32 of 36 cancers types male preference of mortality
  1. Major genetic differences: Y chromosome
    2. Prone to X-linked mutations
Y Chromosome
1. Three regions
  1. MSY
    1. 23 genes and multiple pseudogenes
      1. No meiotic recombination
      2. Two groups
        Group 1
        ubiquitously
        Balanced expresion crucial for maintain healthy conditions in men
        Group 2
        Specifically testis
        Diverse functions than X homologs
    2. Major Locci
      1. TDF
      2. GBY
        short arm proximal to centromere
      3. AZF
        long arm
  2. PAR1 and PAR2
    1. 20 protein coding-genes
      1. Are present in X and Y chromosome
        Meiotic recombination
  3. Heterochromatin region Yq
Y linked genes and cancer
1. TSPY and RMY ectopically expressed in disease
  1. Normally expressed in testicular germ cells
2. Y chromosome genes influence liver cancer
3. Testis Specific Protein(TSPY)
  1. Expressed in: gonocytes, spermatogonia and prophase
  2. Could promote gonadoblastoma and GCTs
    1. Express in some somatic cancer including liver cancer, melanoma and prostate cancer
  3. Member of SE translocation assembly protein1 (SET/NAP1)
    1. Histone chaperone (Shuttin and assembling)
    2. Inhibitor of INHAT
      1. INHAT inhibits histone acetylation
        Suppress expresion genes
  4. Overexpression: reduces G2/M phase
    1. Accelerate cell proliferation
    2. TSPY and TSPX same ancestor
      1. Contrasting roles
  5. 5 type of GCTs
    1. Type-I
      1. Teratoma sac tumor
    2. Type-II
      1. Seminomatous GCTs
    3. Type-III
      1. permatocytic seminoma
    4. Type-IV
      1. Dermoid Cyst
    5. Type-V
      1. hydatidiform mole
Overexpression of TSPX retards cell proliferation

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Role of Y chromosome in cancer

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