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1206461
Organic Chemistry Functional Groups
Description
Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) Mind Map on Organic Chemistry Functional Groups, created by linpubotwheeds on 28/08/2014.
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organic chemistry
functional groups
chemistry
organic chemistry
Mind Map by
linpubotwheeds
, updated more than 1 year ago
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linpubotwheeds
almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Organic Chemistry Functional Groups
Alkanes
General Formula
Cn H2n+2
Definition: Hydrocarbons linked by SINGLE BONDS only
EG; methane, ethane, propane
Properties
Boiling Point usually Low
There is only weak van der Waals' force between molecules
Density
Less Dense than water
Solubility
insoluble in water
Soluble in organic solvent
Alkenes
General Formula
Cn H2n
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon with double bond(s)
Properties
Lower boiling Points
There is only weak van der Waals' force between molecules
Density
Less Dense than water
Solubility
Soluble in organic solvent
insoluble in water
Alcohol / Alkanol
contains -OH group
General Formula
Cn H2n+1 OH
properties
higher boiling point due to hydrogen bond
Density
usually less dense than water, some with more than 1 -OH gps have higher density
Solubility
miscible with water
forms H-bond with water
the longer the alkyl group the lower the solubility
Carboxylic acid
Properties
Characteristic Pungent smell
sour taste
boiling point even higher than that of alcohol
extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds
forms dimer in crystal form
Density
>3C: less dense than water
Solubility
miscible with water
forms H-bond with water
the longer the alkyl group the lower the solubility
eg: ethanoic acid in vinegar
Functional gp
-RCOOH
Haloalkanes
General formula: RX (where X is a halogen)
Naming
F: fluoro-
Cl: Chloro-
Br: Bromo-
I: Iodo-
Properties
most are liquid in r.t.p
v.d.w forces
polar molecules
density
decrease with molecular mass
solubility
insoluble in water
soluble in most organic solvents
they make excellent organic solvents
carbonyl compounds
includes -C(=O)-
aldehydes
naming: -al
carbonyl gp bonded to at least 1 H atom
-CHO
unpleasant and pungent smell
ketones
naming: -one
carbonyl gp bonded to alkyl gps on both sides
pleasant and sweet odour
properties
boiling points higher than alkanes, lower than alcohols
polar molecules
less dense than water
lower members are soluble in water
Esters
properties
characteristic smell
polar, but no H-Bonds
less dense than water
lower members are soluble in water
the O can form H-Bond
RCOOR'
naming
alkyl alkanoate
Amides
-CONH2
-amide
properties
higher boiling point than carboxylic acid
extensive H-Bond
contains 2 H and 2 lone pairs
slightly higher density than water
lower members are soluble in water
can form H-Bond
Amines
-amine
RNH2
Properties
liquids have a fishy smell
gases have characteristic ammonia smell
lower melting points than alcohols
less dense than water
lower members very soluble in water
amino-
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